// 1 filename:cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp
// ver 0.1 June.15, 2014
//
// 2 original examples and/or notes:
// (c) ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21 N3242, April 12, 2011
// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2011/n3242.pdf
// > 12 Special member functions 12.6 Initialization 12.6.2 Initializing bases and members
//
// 3 compile and output mechanism:
// (c) Dr. OGAWA Kiyoshi, kaizen at gifu-u.ac.jp,
//
// 4 compile errors and/or warnings:
// 4.1(c) Apple LLVM version 5.1 (clang-503.0.40) (based on LLVM 3.4svn)
// Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.2.0,  Thread model: posix
// Command/Options: c++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -Wall cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp 
// (c) LLVM 2003-2009 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

// 4.2. g++-4.9 (GCC) 4.9.0 20131229 (experimental)
// Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
// This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
// http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Standards.html
// Command/Options: g++-4.9  -std=c++11  -Wall cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp 
// g++-4.9: error: unrecognized command line option '-stdlib=libc++'
// Configuration:brew install gcc49
//
// 4.3. Visual Studio Express 2013, 
// (c) Microsoft http://www.visualstudio.com/
// SPEC:
// Windows 7, .NET Framework
// (c) VMware, Inc.
// VMWare fusion 6
//
// 5. Hardware:  MacBook Pro, 
//(c) Intel http://ark.intel.com/products/37006/
//Core 2 Duo 2.53GHz, 8GB, 1067MHz DDR3
//
// 6. Special Thanks: Upper organizatios and 
// ITSCJ/IPSJ http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/itscj_english/index.html
// Renesas Electronics Corporation.http://www.renesas.com/
// NPO SESSAME project, http://www.sessame.jp/workinggroup/WorkingGroup3/
// Toyo Corporation, http://www.toyo.co.jp/English/
// Japan Standard Association, http://bit.ly/1lzykg1
// NPO TOPPERS project, https://www.toppers.jp/asp-d-download.html
// Daido Universcity, http://www.daido-it.ac.jp/gakubugakka/computer/index.html
// WITZ Co.Ltd., http://www.witz-inc.co.jp/products/solution/solution.html
// SevenWise.co., http://www.7ws.co.jp/index.html
// TOYOTA Motor Corporation, http://toyota.jp/
// IT planning Inc., http://www.itpl.co.jp/en/index.html
// DENSO Corporation, http://www.globaldenso.com/en/
// Aisin Seiki co. Ltd., http://www.aisin.com/
// Spancion Inc., http://www.spansion.com/
// Yazaki Corporation, http://www.yazaki-group.com/global/
// Pananosic Corporation, http://www.panasonic.net/
// SWEST: Summer Workshop on Embedded System Technologies , http://swest.toppers.jp
// CEST: Consortium for Embedded System Technology, http://www.ertl.jp/CEST/
// JUSE: Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers, http://www.juse.or.jp/e/
// OSC:Open Source Conference, http://www.ospn.jp/

#include <iostream>
//#include <cstdlib>
//#include <string.h>
//#include <cstring>
//#include <type_traits>
//#include <cassert>
//#include <algorithm>
//#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
//#include <cstddef>
//#include <new>
//#include <vector>

using namespace std;

struct A { A(); };
typedef A global_A;
struct B { };
struct C: public A, public B { C(); };
C::C(): global_A() { } // mem-initializer for base A
//
struct A1 { A1(); };
struct B1: public virtual A1 { };
struct C1: public A1, public B1 { C1(); };
//error: C1::C1(): A1() { } // ill-formed: which A?
//
struct C2 {
C2( int ) { } // #1: non-delegating constructor
C2(): C2(42) { } // #2: delegates to #1
	//error:C2( char c ) : C2(42.0) { } // #3: ill-formed due to recursion with #4
	//error: C2( double d ) : C2('a') { } // #4: ill-formed due to recursion with #3
};
//
struct B3 { B3(int); /* ... */ };
struct B2 { B2(int); /* ... */ };
struct D : B3, B2 {
D(int);
B3 b;
const int c;
};
D::D(int a) : B2(a+1), B3(a+2), c(a+3), b(a+4)
{ /* ... */ }
D d(10);
//
struct A4 {
A4();
};
struct B4 {
B4(int);
};
struct C4 {
C4() { } // initializes members as follows:
A4 a; // OK: calls A::A()
	//error:@'C4(){}' const B4 b; // error: B has no default constructor
int i; // OK: i has indeterminate value
int j = 5; // OK: j has the value 5
};
//
struct A5 {
int i = /* some integer expression with side effects */3 ;
A5(int arg) : i(arg) { }
// ...
};
//
struct V {
V();
V(int);
};
struct A6 : virtual V {
A6();
A6(int);
};
struct B6 : virtual V {
B6();
B6(int);
};
struct C6 : A6, B6, virtual V {
C6();
C6(int);
};
A6::A6(int i) : V(i) { /* ... */ }
B6::B6(int i) { /* ... */ }
C6::C6(int i) { /* ... */ }
V v(1); // use V(int)
A6 a(2); // use V(int)
B6 b(3); // use V()
C6 c(4); // use V()
//
class X {
int a;
int b;
int i;
int j;
public:
const int& r;
X(int i): r(a), b(i), i(i), j(this->i) { }
};
//
class A7 {
public:
A7(int);
};
class B7 : public A7 {
int j;
public:
int f();
B7() : A7(f()), // undefined: calls member function
// but base A not yet initialized
j(f()) { } // well-defined: bases are all initialized
};
class C7 {
public:
C7(int);
};
class D7 : public B7, C7 {
int i;
public:
D7() : C7(f()), // undefined: calls member function
// but base C not yet initialized
i(f()) { } // well-defined: bases are all initialized
};
//
template<class... Mixins>
class X2 : public Mixins... {
public:
X2(const Mixins&... mixins) : Mixins(mixins)... { }
};
	
int main() {
//
	cout << "12 Special member functions 12.6 Initialization 12.6.2 Initializing bases and members" << std::endl;
	return 0;
}
// 1  link error
// 1.1 llvm:  c++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++  -Wall cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp 
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:99:15: warning: base class 'B2' will be initialized after base 'B3' [-Wreorder]
D::D(int a) : B2(a+1), B3(a+2), c(a+3), b(a+4)
              ^
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:99:33: warning: field 'c' will be initialized after field 'b' [-Wreorder]
D::D(int a) : B2(a+1), B3(a+2), c(a+3), b(a+4)
                                ^
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:154:11: warning: field 'r' will be initialized after field 'b' [-Wreorder]
X(int i): r(a), b(i), i(i), j(this->i) { }
          ^
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:149:5: warning: private field 'b' is not used [-Wunused-private-field]
int b;
    ^
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:151:5: warning: private field 'j' is not used [-Wunused-private-field]
int j;
    ^
5 warnings generated.
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "A::A()", referenced from:
      C::C() in cpp2011-12-6-2-d516b7.o
  "V::V(int)", referenced from:
      ___cxx_global_var_init1 in cpp2011-12-6-2-d516b7.o
  "V::V(int)", referenced from:
      A6::A6(int) in cpp2011-12-6-2-d516b7.o
  "V::V()", referenced from:
      B6::B6(int) in cpp2011-12-6-2-d516b7.o
      C6::C6(int) in cpp2011-12-6-2-d516b7.o
  "A6::A6()", referenced from:
      C6::C6(int) in cpp2011-12-6-2-d516b7.o
      C6::C6(int) in cpp2011-12-6-2-d516b7.o
  "B2::B2(int)", referenced from:
      D::D(int) in cpp2011-12-6-2-d516b7.o
  "B3::B3(int)", referenced from:
      D::D(int) in cpp2011-12-6-2-d516b7.o
  "B3::B3(int)", referenced from:
      D::D(int) in cpp2011-12-6-2-d516b7.o
  "B6::B6()", referenced from:
      C6::C6(int) in cpp2011-12-6-2-d516b7.o
      C6::C6(int) in cpp2011-12-6-2-d516b7.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
//1.2 gcc: g++-4.9 -std=c++11 -Wall cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp 
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:82:8: warning: direct base 'A1' inaccessible in 'C1' due to ambiguity [enabled by default]
 struct C1: public A1, public B1 { C1(); };
        ^
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp: In constructor 'D::D(int)':
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:99:46: warning: base 'B2' will be initialized after [-Wreorder]
 D::D(int a) : B2(a+1), B3(a+2), c(a+3), b(a+4)
                                              ^
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:99:46: warning:   base 'B3' [-Wreorder]
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:99:1: warning:   when initialized here [-Wreorder]
 D::D(int a) : B2(a+1), B3(a+2), c(a+3), b(a+4)
 ^
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:97:11: warning: 'D::c' will be initialized after [-Wreorder]
 const int c;
           ^
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:96:4: warning:   'B3 D::b' [-Wreorder]
 B3 b;
    ^
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:99:1: warning:   when initialized here [-Wreorder]
 D::D(int a) : B2(a+1), B3(a+2), c(a+3), b(a+4)
 ^
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp: In constructor 'X::X(int)':
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:153:12: warning: 'X::r' will be initialized after [-Wreorder]
 const int& r;
            ^
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:149:5: warning:   'int X::b' [-Wreorder]
 int b;
     ^
cpp2011-12-6-2.cpp:154:1: warning:   when initialized here [-Wreorder]
 X(int i): r(a), b(i), i(i), j(this->i) { }
 ^
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "A::A()", referenced from:
      C::C()     in ccdoQXX2.o
      C::C()     in ccdoQXX2.o
  "V::V(int)", referenced from:
      __static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int) in ccdoQXX2.o
  "V::V(int)", referenced from:
      A6::A6(int) in ccdoQXX2.o
  "V::V()", referenced from:
      B6::B6(int) in ccdoQXX2.o
      C6::C6(int) in ccdoQXX2.o
  "A6::A6()", referenced from:
      C6::C6(int) in ccdoQXX2.o
      C6::C6(int) in ccdoQXX2.o
  "B2::B2(int)", referenced from:
      D::D(int)  in ccdoQXX2.o
      D::D(int)  in ccdoQXX2.o
  "B3::B3(int)", referenced from:
      D::D(int)  in ccdoQXX2.o
      D::D(int)  in ccdoQXX2.o
  "B3::B3(int)", referenced from:
      D::D(int)  in ccdoQXX2.o
      D::D(int)  in ccdoQXX2.o
  "B6::B6()", referenced from:
      C6::C6(int) in ccdoQXX2.o
      C6::C6(int) in ccdoQXX2.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status