THE DICTIONARY ORDER OF THE NĀGARĪ LETTERS

The Dictionary Order of the Nāgarī Letters with their Indo-Romanic Equivalents and Their Pronunciation Exemplified by English Words.

[ See http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/0000/mw__0033.html ]

Vowels.

Initial. Medial. Equivalents and Pronunciation.

अyaz--ain mica, rural.
आyAzqārAāin tar, father (tār, fāther).
इyiziiin fill, lily.
ईyIzqīrIīin police (polīce).
उyuzuuin full, bush.
ऊyUzqūrUūin rude (rūde).
ऋyRzqṛirfṛiin merrily (merṛily).
ॠyRRzqṛīrFṛīin marine (maṛīne).
ऌylRzqlṛirxlṛiin revelry (revelṛi).
ॡylRRzqlṛīrXlṛīin the above prolonged.
एyezeein prey, there.
ऐyaizEaiin aisle.
ओyozooin go, stone.
औyauzOauin Haus (as in German).

ंyMzqṃrṉ or ṃeither true Anusvāra ṉ or the symbol of any nasal.
ः्yHzqḥrsymbol called Visarga.

Consonats.

Initial. Medial. Equivalents and Pronunciation.

क्ykzkin kill, seek.
ख्ykhzkhin inkhorn.
ग्ygzgin gun, get, dog.
घ्yghzghin loghut.
ङ्yGzqṅrin sing, king, sink (siṅk).
च्yczcin dolce (in music).
छ्ychzchin churchhill (curchill).
ज्yjzjin jet, jump.
झ्yjhz*jhin hedgehog (hejhog).
ञ्yJzqñrñin singe (siñj).
ट्yTzqṭrin true (ṭrue).
ठ्yThzqṭhrṭhin anthill (anṭhill).
ड्yDzqḍrin drum (ḍrum).
ढ्yDhzqḍhrḍhin redhaired (reḍhaired).
ण्yNzqṇrin none (ṇoṇe).
त्ytztin water (as in Ireland).
थ्ythzthin nuthook (more dental).
द्ydzdin dice (more like th in this.
ध्ydhzdhin adhere (but more dental).
न्ynznin net, nut, in.
प्ypzpin put, sip.
फ्yphzphin uphill.
ब्ybzbin bear, rub.
भ्ybhzbhin abhor.
म्ymzmin map, jam.
य्yyzyin yet, loyal.
र्yrzrin red, year.
ल्ylzlin lull, lead.
ळ्yLzqḷr(sometimes for ड्yDzqḍr ḍ in Veda).
ळह्y|zqḷhrḷh(sometimes for ढ्yDhzqḍhr ḍh in Veda).
व्yvzvin ivy (but like w after cons.).
श्yzzqṡrin sure (ṡure).
ष्ySzqshrshin shun, bush.
स्yszsin saint, sin, hiss.
ह्yhzhin hear, hit.

* Sometimes printed in the form ??, see p. 174, col. 3.

The conjunct consonants are too numerous to be exhibited above, but the most common will be found at the end of `A Practical Sanskrit Grammar by MonierWilliams,' published by the Delegates of the Clarendon Press, fourth edition.

For the correct pronunciation of the aspirated consonants, kh, ch, th, ṭh, th, ph, &c., see p. xxix, note 4 of the foregoing Introduction.

Observe that ṉ represents the true Anusvāra in the body of a word before the sibilants and h, as in aṉṡa, aṉsa, aṉhali: as the symbol of any nasal will often be found at the end of a word, as in dānaṃ ca; but may also represent Anusvāra, when final m is followed by initial semivowels, sibilants and h, and in words formed with preposition sam, like saṃ-veṡa, saṃ-ṡaya, saṃ-hats: the word Sanskṛit is now too Anglicized to be written Saṃskṛit. Visarga, as a substitute for final s, is a distinctly audible aspirate, so that the at the end of such a word as devaḥ must be clearly heard.