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(distribution)¡J <itemize> <item> PostgreSQL RPMs ªººûÅ@¤H¬O Lamer Owen¡A¦b <htmlurl url= "mailto:lamar.owen@wgcr.org" name="lamar.owen@wgcr.org"> §ä¨ì¡C <item>PostgreSQL ·½ RPM ©M¤G¤¸ RPM <url url="http://www.ramifordistat.net/postgres">¡C <item>PostgreSQL ·½ RPM ©M¤G¤¸ RPM <url url="http://www.postgresql.org"> ¡CÂI¿ï¡§Latest News¡¨©M Redhat RPMs¡C <item>PostgreSQL ·½ RPM ©M¤G¤¸ RPM <url url="http://www.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386/"> ¡Cftp ¯¸¥x¦b <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386/"> <item>Solaris, HPUX, AIX, IRIX, Linux ªº¤G¤¸Àɯ¸¥x¡J <url url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/bindist"> </itemize> <p> ¸Uºûºôºô¯¸¡J <itemize> <item>¥Dºô¯¸¡J<url url="http://www.postgresql.org/"> <item>¦¸ºô¯¸¡J <url url="http://logical.thought.net/postgres95/"> <item> <url url="http://www.itm.tu-clausthal.de/mirrors/postgres95/"> <item> <url url="http://s2k-ftp.cs.berkeley.edu:8000/postgres95/"> <item> <url url="http://xenium.pdi.net/PostgreSQL/"> <item> <url 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<itemize> <item> ­nª¾¹D¦³¤°»ò¬M®g¯¸¡A½Ð¨ì <url url="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu"> </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* <chapt>PostgreSQL §Ö³t¦w¸Ë«ü¤Þ --> <sect>PostgreSQL §Ö³t¦w¸Ë«ü¤Þ <label id="Quick-Installation"> <p> ³o¸`·|À°§A¦b¤p©ó¤­¤ÀÄÁ¤º§Ö³t¦w¸Ë©M±Ò°Ê³o¸ê®Æ®w¡C <sect1> ¦w¸Ë©M´ú¸Õ <p> ¦w¸Ë¡B´ú¸Õ¡B½T»{©M°õ¦æ PostgreSQL ªº¨BÆJ ¥H root ¨­¥÷ñ¤J <code> # cd /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS # man rpm # ls postgre*.rpm # rpm -qpl postgre*.rpm | less ¡]Æ[¬ÝÀɮצW³æ¡^ # rpm -qpi postgre*.rpm ¡]Æ[¬Ý®M¥ó¸ê®Æ¡^ # cat /etc/passwd | grep postgres </code> ª`·N¡J¦pªG§A¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó¡¥postgres¡¦¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A¥i¯à­n³Æ¥÷©M²M°£ postgres ªº®a¥Ø¿ý ~postgres ©M§R°£³o¦W¥ÎªÌ¡A©Î§â¥L§ï¦W¬°¡¥postgres2¡¦¤§Ãþ¡C¦w¸Ë®É»Ý­n°®°®²b²b¡C <code>: # rpm -i postgre*.rpm ¡]¥²¶·¦w¸Ë©Ò¦³®M¥ó¡A§Y«È¤áºÝ¡B¶}µo¡B¸ê®Æ©M¥D®M¥ó¨Ó¨Ï pgaccess ¥¿±`¤u§@¡^ # man chkconfig # chkconfig --add postgresql ¡]¥Î¨Ó¦b¶}¾÷®É¶}©l pg¡C¡^ # /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql start ¡]±Ò°Ê postgresql¡^ # man xhost # xhost + ¡]Åý pgaccess ¨Ï¥ÎÅã¥Ü¸Ë¸m¡^ # su - postgres bash$ man createdb bash$ createdb mydatabase bash$ man psql bash$ psql mydatabase ¡K¡K¦b psql ¤¤¥i«ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v°O¿ý©Î \s bash$ export DISPLAY=<¥D¾÷¦W>:0.0 bash$ man pgaccess bash$ pgaccess mydatabase </code> ²{¦b§A¥i¥H¦b pgaccess ©Î psql <bf>°ª³t¤U¹F</bf>¦UºØ SQL «ü¥O¤F¡I¡I <code> bash$ cd /usr/doc/postgresql* </code> ¦b¦¹¾\Ū©Ò¦³ FAQ¡A¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡Bµ{¦¡³]­p­û¡BºÞ²z¤â¥U©M«ü¤Þ¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> PostgreSQL RPMs <p> ¦¹¥~¡A½Ð¬Ý <url url="http://www.ramifordistat.net/postgres"> ªº <it>"Installation Steps"</it>¡C PostgreSQL RPM ¥Ñ Lamar Owen ºûÅ@¡A¦ì©ó <htmlurl url= "mailto:lamar.owen@wgcr.org" name="lamar.owen@wgcr.org"> ¦b <url url="http://www.postgresql.org"> ¥i§ä¨ì§ó¦h PostgreSQL ªº¸ê®Æ¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> Maximum RPM <p> ¼ô²ß RedHat RPM ®M¥óºÞ²z­û¥HºÞ²z PostgreSQL ¦w¸Ë¡C¦b <url url="http://www.RPM.org"> ¤U¸ü¡¥Maximum RPM¡¦¤@®Ñ¡A§ä´MÀɦW maximum-rpm.ps.gz¡C ¦b Linux ¨Ï¥Î gv «ü¥O¾\Ū¥¦¡X <code> # gv maximum-rpm.ps.gz </code> ¦³¤@­Ó rpm2deb ¥i§â RPM ®M¥óÂà´«¬° Debian Linux ®M¥ó <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ¨Ò¤l RPM <label id="Examples RPM"> <p> ´ú¸Õ PostgreSQL ªº¦UºØ¤¶­±»Ý­n¨Ò¤l¡C±q¥H¤U¦a¤è¦w¸Ë PostgreSQL ¨Ò¤l¥Ø¿ý¡X <itemize> <item> Linux ¥úºÐ - postgresql-*examples.rpm <item> postgresql-*examples.rpm <url url="http://www.aldev.8m.com"> ©Î <url url="http://aldev.webjump.com"> <item> PostgreSQL ­ìµ{¦¡½X postgresql*.src.rpm¡A¦b examples¡Btesting ©Î tutorial ¥Ø¿ý´M§ä¡C </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1>´ú¸Õ PyGreSQL¡XPython ¤¶­± <label id="Testing PyGreSQL"> <p> ¦w¸Ë examples ®M¥ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM">¡A¤§«á¡X <code> bash$ cd /usr/lib/pgsql/python bash$ createdb thilo bash$ psql thilo thilo=> create table test (aa char(30), bb char(30) ); thilo=> \q bash$ /usr/bin/python >>> import _pg >>> db = _pg.connect('thilo', 'localhost') >>> db.query("INSERT INTO test VALUES ('ping', 'pong')") >>> db.query("SELECT * FROM test") eins|zwei ----+---- ping|pong (1 row) >>>CTRL+D bash$ ¡K¡K¦n¹³¦æ¤F¡X²{¦b¥¿¦¡¦w¸Ë¥¦ bash$ su - root # cp /usr/lib/pgsql/python/_pg.so /usr/lib/python1.5/lib-dynload </code> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ´ú¸Õ Perl¡XPerl ¤¶­± <label id="Testing Perl"> <p> ¦w¸Ë examples ®M¥ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM">¡A¤§«á¡X <code> root# chown -R postgres.postgres /var/lib/pgsql/examples bash$ cd /var/lib/pgsql/examples/perl5 bash$ perl ./example.pl </code> ª`·N¡J¦pªG¥H¤W«ü¥O¥¢±Ñ¤F½Ð°µ¦p¦¹°µ¡J¥þ°ìÅÜ¼Æ @INC ­n¦b¥]¬A site_perl ¥Ø¿ý¤¤ªº Pg.pm ¼Ò²Õ¡A©Ò¥H­n¦p¤U¨Ï¥Î -I ¿ï¶µ¡C <code> bash$ perl -I/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.004/i386-linux-thread ./example.pl </code> ¡K¡K§Aªº perl ¤w¦b¦s¨ú PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®w¡I¡I ­n¨Ï¥Î perl ¤¶­±¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ example.pl ÀÉ¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ´ú¸Õ libpq, libpq++ ¤¶­± <label id="Testing libpq"> <p> ¦w¸Ë examples ®M¥ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM">¡A¤§«á¡X <code> root# chown -R postgres.postgres /var/lib/pgsql/examples bash$ cd /var/lib/pgsql/examples/libpq bash$ gcc testlibpq.c -I/usr/include/pgsql -lpq bash$ export PATH=$PATH:. bash$ a.out bash$ cd /var/lib/pgsql/examples/libpq++ bash$ g++ testlibpq0.cc -I/usr/include/pgsql -I/usr/include/pgsql/libpq++ -lpq++ -lpq -lcrypt bash$ ./a.out ¡]ª`·N¡J¤£¶·²z·|¿ù»~°T®§¡X¦p¤U¡^ > create table foo (aa int, bb char(4)); No tuples returned... status = 1 Error returned: fe_setauthsvc: invalid name: , ignoring... > insert into foo values ('4535', 'vasu'); No tuples returned... status = 1 Error returned: fe_setauthsvc: invalid name: , ignoring... > select * from foo; aa |bb | -----|-----| 4535 |vasu | Query returned 1 row. > >CTRL+D bash$ </code> ¡K¡K§Aª½±µ¥Î C/C++ ¤¶­±¨Ó¦s¨ú PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®w¡I¡I <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1>´ú¸Õ Java ¤¶­± <label id="Testing Java"> <p> ¦w¸Ë examples ®M¥ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM"> ©M¦w¸Ë¥H¤UªF¦è¡C <itemize> <item> ±q <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386"> ©Î <url url="http://www.blackdown.org"> ¨ú±o JDK jdk-*glibc*.rpm <item> ±q <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386"> ¨ú±o postgresql-jdbc-*.rpm </itemize> <code> root# chown -R postgres.postgres /var/lib/pgsql/examples bash$ cd /var/lib/pgsql/examples/jdbc bash$ echo $CLASSPATH --> À³Åã¥Ü CLASSPATH=/usr/lib/pgsql/jdbc7.0-1.2.jar:.:/home/java/jdk1.2.2/lib:/usr/lib/pgsql:/usr/lib/pgsql/classes.zip:/usr/lib/pgsql/pg.jar ¦Ó jdbc*.jar ªºª©¥»¸¹½X­n¥¿½T¡C *.jar ÀÉ­n©ñ¦b /usr/lib/pgsql ©M /usr/libjdk*/lib ¥Ø¿ý¤¤¡C bash$ export CLASSPATH=/usr/lib/pgsql/jdbc7.0-1.2.jar:.:/home/java/jdk1.2.2/lib:/usr/lib/pgsql:/usr/lib/pgsql/classes.zip:/usr/lib/pgsql/pg.jar ½s¿è©Ò¦³ psql.java ÀÉ¡A§â¡¥package¡¦ªº¦æÅܬ°µû½×¡C bash$ javac psql.java bash$ java psql jdbc:postgresql:template1 postgres < password > [1] select * from pg_tables; tablename tableowner hasindexes hasrules pg_type postgres true false false pg_attribute postgres true false false [2] CTRL+C bash$ </code> ¡K¡K§Aª½±µ¥Î Java ¤¶­±¨Ó¦s¨ú PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®w¡I <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ´ú¸Õ ecpg ¤¶­± <label id="Testing ecpg"> <p> ¦w¸Ë examples ®M¥ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM">¡A¤§«á¡X <code> root# chown -R postgres.postgres /var/lib/pgsql/examples bash$ cd /var/lib/pgsql/examples/ecpg bash$ ecpg test1.pgc -I/usr/include/pgsql bash$ cc test1.c -I/usr/include/pgsql -lecpg -lpq -lcrypt bash$ createdb mm bash$ ./a.out </code> ¡K¡K§Aª½±µ¥Î´O¤J¦¡ SQL ¨Ó¦s¨ú PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®w¡I <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ´ú¸Õ SQL ªº¨Ò¤l¡X¦Û­q¸ê®Æ«¬ºA©M¨ç¼Æ <label id="Testing SQL"> <p> ¦w¸Ë examples ®M¥ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM">¡A¤§«á¡X <code> root# chown -R postgres.postgres /var/lib/pgsql/examples bash$ cd /var/lib/pgsql/examples/sql ¥¼¼g¦n¡K </code> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ´ú¸Õ Tcl/TK ¤¶­± <p> Tck/Tk ªº¨Ò¤l¬O pgaccess µ{¦¡¡C ¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹¾\Ū /usr/bin/pgaccess ÀɮסX <code> bash$ view /usr/bin/pgaccess bash$ export DISPLAY=<§A¹q¸£ªº¥D¾÷¦W>:0.0 bash$ createdb mydb bash$ pgaccess mydb </code> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ´ú¸Õ ODBC ¤¶­± <p> <enum> <item> ¦b <url url="http://www.insightdist.com/psqlodbc/"> ¨ú±o win32 pgsql odbc ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ <item> ¥t¥~½Ð°Ñ¾\ /usr/lib/libpsqlodbc.a </enum> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ´ú¸Õ MPSQL Motif-worksheet ¤¶­± <p> ¦b <url url="http://www.mutinybaysoftware.com"> ¨ú±o RPM¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ½T»{ <p> ­n½T»{ PostgreSQL ªº°ª«~½è¡A°õ¦æ Regression ´ú¸Õ®M¥ó¡J ¥H root ¨­¥÷ñ¤J <code> # rpm -i postgresql*test.rpm ¾\Ū README ÀɩΦw¸Ë·½µ{¦¡¡A¥¦¤w¦³ regress ¥Ø¿ý # rpm -i postgresql*.src.rpm # cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS # more postgresql*.spec ¡]¥H¹î¬Ý»Ý­n¦w¸Ë­þ¨Ç RPM ®M¥ó¡^ # rpm -bp postgresql*.spec ¡]¡K³o¼Ë·|·Ç³Æ¸Ó®M¥ó¡^ Regression ´ú¸Õ»Ý­n Makefiles ©MÃþ¦ü *fmgr*.h ªº¼ÐÀYÀÉ¡A¥i¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O ²£¥Í¡X # rpm --short-circuit -bc postgresql*.spec ¡]¨«±¶®|¡I¡^ ¬Ý¨ì¡¥make -C common SUBSYS.o¡¦«á«ö CTRL-C ²×¤î¤u§@¡C³o®É­Ô configure ¤w¸g¦¨¥\¡A©Ò¦³ Makefiles ©M¼ÐÀYÀɤ]¤w²£¥Í¡C§A¤£¦A»Ý­nÅý¥¦Ä~Äò¤U¥h¡C # cd /usr/src/redhat/BUILD # chown -R postgres postgresql* # su - postgres bash$ cd /usr/src/redhat/BUILD/postgresql-6.5.3/src/test/regress bash$ more README bash$ make clean; make all runtest bash$ more regress.out </code> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ºò«æ°£¿ù <p> ¦³®É°£¿ù´O¸É·|¦b¥D­nªº±À¥X PostgreSQL ªº¥D­nª©¥»¤§«á¥X²{¡C§A¥i¨Ì¾Ú¦Û¤v»Ý­n¡A¦Û¦æ¶i¦æ­×¸É¡C½Ð¸ò±q¥H¤U¨BÆJ¡J ¨ì postgresql µ{¦¡½Xªº¥Ø¿ý <tscreen><verb> # rpm -i postgresql*.src.rpm # cd /usr/src/postgresql6.5.3 # man patch # patch -p0 < patchfile # make clean # make </verb></tscreen> ´O¸ÉÀɬO¦b <itemize> <item>PostgreSQL ´O¸É¡J<url url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/patches"> </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* <chapt> §Ö³t¶}©l«ü¤Þ --> <sect> §Ö³t¶}©l«ü¤Þ <p> ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò<ref id="Quick-Installation" name="§Ö³t¦w¸Ë«ü¤Þ">¤@³¹¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ¸ê®Æ®w«Ø¥ß¡B¥á±ó¡B§ï¦W <p> §A¥i¨Ï¥Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤Íµ½ªº GUI¡A¦W¬°¡¥pgaccess¡¦¨Ó«Ø¥ß©M¥á±ó¸ê®Æ®w¡A¤]¥i¥Î«ü¥O¦C¡¥psql¡¦¤u¨ã¡C <code> ¦p§A¥H root ¨­¥÷µn¤J¡AÅܨ­¬°¥ÎªÌ¡¥postgres¡¦¡J # xhost + ¡]Åý pgaccess ¨Ï¥ÎÅã¥Ü¸Ë¸m¡^ # su - postgres bash$ man createdb bash$ createdb mydatabase bash$ man psql bash$ psql mydatabase ¡K¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s bash$ export DISPLAY=<¥D¾÷¦W>:0.0 bash$ man pgaccess bash$ pgaccess mydatabase </code> §A²{¦b¥i¥H¦b psql ©Î pgaccess <bf>°ª³t¤U¹F</bf> SQL «ü¥O¡C ­n¥á±ó¸ê®Æ®wªº¸Ü¡J <code> bash$ man dropdb bash$ man destroydb ¡]¦b¸ûª©¥»ªº pgsql ¤¤¨Ï¥Î¡^ bash$ dropdb <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> </code> ¤]¥i¥H¦b¤@­Ó SQL ³s±µ´Á¶¡¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O®ø·À¤@­Ó¸ê®Æ®w¡J <code> > drop database <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> </code> ­n§ó§ï¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\<ref id="backup_restore" name="³Æ¥÷©MÁÙ­ì">¤@¸` <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> «Ø¥ß©M¥á±ó¥Î¤á <p> ­n«Ø¥ß·s¥Î¤á¡A¥H unix ¥Î¤á¡¥postres¡¦Ã±¤J¡A§A¥i¥Î²³æ©ö¥Îªº GUI ¤u¨ã¡¥pgaccess¡¦¨Ó¼W´î¥Î¤á¡C <code> bash$ man pgaccess bash$ pgaccess <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> </code> À»¿ï¡§Users¡¨tab¡A¦AÀ»¿ï Object|New ©Î Object|Delete §A¤]¥i¥Î«ü¥O¦æ©R¥O½Z (script)¡C¦W¬°¡¥createuser¡¦ªº©R¥O½Z±Ò°Ê psql¡C <code> bash$ man createuser bash$ createuser <¥Î¤á¦WºÙ> bash$ createuser -h host -p port -i userid <¥Î¤á¦WºÙ> </code> ­n¥á±ó¤@­Ó postgres ¥Î¤á¡A¨Ï¥Î©R¥O½Z¡¥destroyuser¡¦¡C <code> bash$ man dropuser bash$ man destroyuser ¡]¦b¸ûª©¥»ªº pgsql ¤¤¨Ï¥Î¡^ bash$ destroyuser </code> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> «Ø¥ß©M¥á±ó¸s²Õ <p> ¥Ø«e¨S¦³Â²³æªº¤¶­±¥i¥Î¨Ó³]©w¥Î¤á¸s²Õ¡C§A­n¦Û¦æ¦b <bf>pg_group</bf> ªí®æ¤¤´¡¤J©Î§ó·s¬ö¿ý¡C¦p¡J <code> bash$ su - postgres bash$ psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> ¡K¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s psql=> insert into pg_group (groname, grosysid, grolist) psql=> values ('posthackers', '1234', '{5443, 8261}' ); INSERT 58224 psql=> grant insert on foo to group posthackers; CHANGE psql=> </code> <bf>pg_group</> ¤¤ªºÄæ¦ì¬°¡J <bf>groname</bf> ¸s²Õ¦WºÙ¡C³o¦WºÙ¥²¶·¥þ¬°¦r¥À©Î¼Æ¦r¡A¤£¥i¦³©³½u©Î¼ÐÂI²Å¸¹¡C <bf>grosysid</bf> ¸s²Õ¥N½X¡C³o¬O¤@­Ó int4¡A¨C­Ó¸s²Õ³£­n¿W¤@µL¤G¡C <bf>grolist</bf> Äݩ󦹸s²Õªº <bf>pg_user</bf> ¥N½X¦W³æ¡C¬O¤@­Ó int4[]¡C ­n§R°£¸s²Õ¡J <code> bash$ su - postgres bash$ psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> ¡K¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s psql=> delete from pg_group where groname = 'posthackers'; </code> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> «Ø¥ß¡B½s¿è©M¥á±óªí®æ <p> §A¥i¨Ï¥Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤Íµ½ªº GUI¡A¦W¬°¡¥pgaccess¡¦¡A©Î«ü¥O¦C¡¥psql¡¦¤u¨ã¨Ó«Ø¥ß¡B½s¿è©M¥á±ó¸ê®Æ®wªí®æ¡C <code> bash$ man pgaccess bash$ pgaccess <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> </code> À»¿ï Table | New | Design «ö¶s¡C <code> bash$ man psql bash$ psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> ¡K¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s </code> ¦b psql ´£¥Ü¤U¡AÁä¤J¼Ð·Çªº SQL «ü¥O¡A¦p¡¥create table¡¦¡B¡¥alter table¡¦©Î¡¥drop table¡¦¨Ó³B²zªí®æ¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> «Ø¥ß¡B½s¿è©M¥á±óªí®æ¤¤ªº¬ö¿ý <p> §A¥i¨Ï¥Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤Íµ½ªº GUI¡A¦W¬°¡¥pgaccess¡¦¡A©Î«ü¥O¦C¡¥psql¡¦¤u¨ã¨Ó«Ø¥ß¡B ½s¿è©M¥á±ó¸ê®Æ®wªí®æ¤¤ªº¬ö¿ý¡C <code> bash$ man pgaccess bash$ pgaccess <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> </code> À»¿ï Table | < ¿ï¤@­Óªí®æ > | Open «ö¶s¡C <code> bash$ man psql bash$ psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> ¡K¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s </code> ¦b psql ´£¥Ü¤U¡AÁä¤J¼Ð·Çªº SQL «ü¥O¡A¦p¡¥insert into table_name¡¦¡B¡¥update table_name¡¦©Î¡¥delete from table_name¡¦¨Ó³B²zªí®æ¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> §ïÅܥثeªº¸ê®Æ®w <p> §A¥i¨Ï¥Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤Íµ½ªº GUI¡A¦W¬°¡¥pgaccess¡¦¡A©Î«ü¥O¦C¡¥psql¡¦¤u¨ã¨Ó§ïÅܥثeªº¸ê®Æ®w¡C <code> bash$ man pgaccess bash$ pgaccess <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> </code> À»¿ï Database | Open «ö¶s¡C <code> bash$ man psql bash$ psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> ¡K¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s psql=> connect <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> <user> </code> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ³Æ¥÷»PÁÙ­ì¸ê®Æ®w <label id="backup_restore"> <p> PostgreSQL ´£¨Ñ¤F¨â­Ó¤u¨ã¨Ó³Æ¥÷§Aªº¨t²Î¡J<bf>pg_dump</bf> ³Æ¥÷¤@­Ó¸ê®Æ®w¡A<bf>pg_dumpall</bf> ¤@¦¸¹L³Æ¥÷©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ®w¡C <code> bash$ su - postgres bash$ man pd_dump bash$ pd_dump <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> > database_name.pgdump </code> ÁÙ­ì«h¡J <code> bash$ cat database_name.pgdump | psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> </code> ³o§Þ¦Ò¥i¥Î©ó·h²¾¸ê®Æ®w©Î¬°¸ê®Æ®w§ï¦W¡C <bf>ĵ§i¡J</bf>¨C­Ó¸ê®Æ®w³£­n©w®É³Æ¥÷¡C¦]¬° PostgreSQL ¦Û¦æºÞ²z¥¦¦bÀɮרt²Î¤¤ªºÀɮסA©Ò¥H¤£­n­Ê¿à¨t²Î³Æ¥÷¨Ó§@¸ê®Æ®w³Æ¥÷¡C ¨S¦³¤H¯à«OÃÒ¨º¨ÇÀɮצbÁÙ­ì«á·|³B©ó¤@­Ó¥i¥Î¦Ó¤@­Pªºª¬ºA¡C <bf>³Æ¥÷¤j«¬¸ê®Æ®w¡J</bf>¦]¬° PostreSQL ®e³\ªí®æ¤j¹L¨t²Îªº³Ì¤jÀÉ®×®e¶q¡A§â¤@­Óªí®æ¿é¥X¬°¤@­ÓÀÉ®×·|¦³°ÝÃD¡A ¦]¬°©Ò²£¥ÍªºÀÉ®×¥i¯à·|¶W¥X¨t²Îªº­­¨î¡C¦]¬° <bf>pg_dump</bf> ·|¼g¨ì <bf>stdout</bf>¡A§A¥i¨Ï¥Î¼Ð·Çªº unix ¤u¨ã¨Ó¸Ñ¨M³o¥i¯àªº°ÝÃD¡J ¨Ï¥ÎÀ£ÁY¤Fªº¿é¥X¡J <code> bash$ pg_dump <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> | gzip > filename.dump.gz </code> ¥Î¥H¤U¤èªk­«·s¸ü¤J¡J <code> bash$ createdb <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> bash$ gunzip -c filename.dump.gz | psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> </code> ©Î <code> bash$ cat filename.dump.gz | gunzip | psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> </code> ¨Ï¥Î split¡J <code> bash$ pg_dump <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> | split -b 1m - filename.dump. </code> ª`·N¡J¥H¤W«ü¥O¤¤¡A¦b filename.dump «á¦³¤@ÂI (.)¡I¡I§A¥i¥Î¥H¤U¤èªk­«·s¸ü¤J¡J <code> bash$ man createdb bash$ createdb <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> bash$ cat filename.dump.* | pgsql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> </code> ·íµM¡AÀɮצWºÙ¡]filename¡^©M <bf>pg_dump</bf> ¿é¥Xªº¤º®eµL»Ý©M¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ°t¦X¡C¦¹¥~¡AÁÙ­ì¤Fªº¸ê®Æ®w¥i¦³¥ô¦ó·s¦W¡C ¦]¦¹³o¤èªk¾A¥Î©ó¬°¸ê®Æ®w§ï¦W¡C ­n§â©Ò¦³ PostgreSQL ¿é¥X¡A¨Ï¥Î <bf>pg_dumpall</bf> <code> bash$ man pg_dumpall bash$ pg_dumpall -o > db.out ­n­«·s¸ü¤J¡J bash$ psql -e template1 < db.out </code> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ¸ê®Æ®w«O¦w <p> ½Ð°Ñ¾\<ref id="security" name="PostgreSQL «O¦w">¤@¸`¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ½u¤W¨D§U <p> §A¥²¶·ª¾¹D PostgreSQL ªº½u¤W¨D§U³]¬I¡A¦]¬°¥¦·|¬°§A¸`¬Ù«Ü¦h®É¶¡¡AÅý§A§Ö³t¨ú±o¸ê®Æ¡C ½Ð°Ñ¾\¤£¦P«ü¥O¡A¦p createdb¡Bcreateuser µ¥µ¥ªº½u¤W man pages¡C <code> bash$ man createdb </code> ¤]½Ð°Ñ¾\ psql ªº½u¤W¨D§U°T®§¡A¦b psql ´£¥ÜÁä¤J \h <code> bash$ psql mydatabase psql> \h ´£¥Ü¡J¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s </code> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> «Ø¥ß¿Eµo (Triggers) ©M¤ºÀxµ{§Ç (Stored Procedures) <p> ­n«Ø¥ß¿Eµo©Î¤ºÀxµ{§Ç¡A¥ý¦b§A¨Ï¥Îªº¸ê®Æ®w°õ¦æ¡¥createlang¡¦©R¥O½Z¨Ó¦w¸Ë ¡¥plpgsql¡¦¡C¦pªG§A·Q¹w³]¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡A§â¥¦¦w¸Ë¦b¡¥template1¡¦¡A ¦]¬°¥H«á«Ø¥ßªº¸ê®Æ®w³£¬O template1 ªº¥é¸Ë«~¡C°Ñ¾\¡¥createlang¡¦ºô­¶©Î¦ì©ó /usr/doc/postgresql-7.0.2/user/index.html ªº User Guide¡C <code> bash$ man createlang bash$ createdb mydb bash$ export PGLIB=/usr/lib/pgsql bash$ createlang plpgsql mydb bash$ createlang plpgsql template1 </code> ¤]½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM"> ¤¤¿Eµo©M¤ºÀxµ{§Çªº¨Ò¤l¡CExamples RPM ¤¤ªº¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l¡J <code> create function tg_pfield_au() returns opaque as ' begin if new.name != old.name then update PSlot set pfname = new.name where pfname = old.name; end if; return new; end; ' language 'plpgsql'; create trigger tg_pfield_au after update on PField for each row execute procedure tg_pfield_au(); </code> ¥t¤@­Ó¿Eµoµ{¦¡½X¨Ò¤l¡J <code> create trigger check_fkeys_pkey_exist before insert or update on fkeys for each row execute procedure check_primary_key ('fkey1', 'fkey2', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2'); </code> §A¥²¶·¦w¸Ë TEST ®M¥ó¡X postgresql-test-7.0.2-2.rpm ©M¾\Ū¦b /usr/lib/pgsql/test/regress/sql ¤¤ªº SQL ©R¥O½Z¨Ò¤l¡C ­nÅã¥Ü¸ê®Æ®w¤¤¿Eµoªº¦W³æ¡X <code> bash$ psql mydb psql=> \? psql=> \dS psql=> \d pg_trigger psql=> select tgname from pg_trigger order by tgname; </code> ­nÅã¥Ü¸ê®Æ®w¤¤¨ç¼Æ©M¤ºÀxµ{§Çªº¦W³æ¡X <code> bash$ psql mydb psql=> \? psql=> \dS psql=> \d pg_proc psql=> select proname, prosrc from pg_proc order by proname; psql=> \df </code> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> PostgreSQL ¤å¥ó <p> ¦³Ãö¨ä¥L°ÝÃD¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ PostgreSQL ªº»¡©ú®Ñ¡A¥¦­Ìªº¸ê®Æ¤Q¤À¥þ­±¡CPostgreSQL ¤å¥ó¤w¦b®M¥ó¤¤¡C½Ð¾\Ū¡¥User's Guide¡¦¡B¡¥Programmer's Guide¡¦¡B¡¥Administrator's Guide¡¦©M¨ä¥L»¡©ú®Ñ¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* <chapt> PostgreSQL ¤ä´©¶W¹L 200 Gig ªº¶W¯Å¸ê®Æ®w --> <sect>PostgreSQL ¤ä´©¶W¹L 200 Gig ªº¶W¯Å¸ê®Æ®w <p> ¦­¤w¦³«Ü¦h¤j¤½¥q±N PostgreSQL ¥Î©ó¤j«¬ªº¸ê®Æ®w¡C¦b¦¹´£¨Ñ¥H¤U§Þ¦Ò¡J <sect1> ¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹ºØÃþ¡X32 ¦ì¤¸©Î 64 ¦ì¤¸ <p> 32 ¦ì¤¸³B²z¾¹ªº¹q¸£¦b¸ê®Æ®w¶W¹L 5 GigaByte ®Éªí²{·|¨³³t¤U­°¡C§A¥i¥Î 32 ¦ì¤¸³B²z¾¹°õ¦æ 30 gig ªº¸ê®Æ®w¡A¦ýªí²{·|¤U­°¡C32 ¦ì¤¸¾÷¾¹¨ü¨ì³Ì¦h 2 GB °O¾ÐÅé¡B2 GB 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CPAN¡¦©M¼Æ¥H¤d­pªº¼Ò²Õ <url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module">¡C <item> Perl GUI ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤¶­± Perl-Qt rpm¡J<url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386"> ¤]½Ð¬Ý PerlQt-1.06-1.i386.rpm <item> Perl GUI ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤¶­± Perl-Qt¡J<url url ="http://www.accessone.com/~jql/perlqt.html"> <item> Perl GUI ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤¶­± Perl-XForms¡J<url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386">¡A´M§ä Xforms4Perl-0.8.4-1.i386.rpm <item> Perl GUI ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤¶­± Perl-Tk¡J<url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386"> <item> Perl GUI kits¡J<url url="http://reference.perl.com/query.cgi?ui"> <item> Perl ¸ê®Æ®w¤¶­±¡J<url url="http://reference.perl.com/query.cgi?database"> <item> Perl ¨ì "C" ªºÂ½Ä¶¤u¨ã¡J<url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module/B/"> ´M§ä Compiler-a3.tar.gz <item> §â Perl ½sĶ¬°¥i°õ¦æÀÉ¡CPerl2Exe ¬O¤@­Ó¥i§â perl ©R¥O½ZÂର¥i°õ¦æÀɪºªº«ü¥O¦C¤u¨ã¡C<url url="http://www.indigostar.com/perl2exe.htm"> <item> Bourne shell ¨ì Perl ªºÂ½Ä¶¤u¨ã¡J<url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN/authors/id/MERLYN/sh2perl-0.02.tar.gz"> <item> awk Âର perl ªº a2p ©M sed Âର perl ªº s2p ¤w¥]¬A¦b PERL ´²§G¤¤¡C <item> ¤]½Ð¬Ý comp.lang.perl.* µ¥¦³Ãö PERL ªº·s»D²Õ </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> Perl ¸ê®Æ®w¤¶­± DBI <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect2> ¦ó¿× DBI¡H <p> Perl ¸ê®Æ®w¤¶­±¡]DBI¡^¬O Perl »y¨¥ªº¤@­Ó¸ê®Æ®w¦s¨úÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¤¶­±¡]API¡^¡CPerl DBI API ³W®æ©w¸q¤F¤@²Õ¨ç¼Æ¡BÅܼƩMºD¨Ò¡A¥H´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó¤@­P¦Ó¿W¥ß©ó¹ê»Ú©Ò¥Î¸ê®Æ®wªº¤¶­±¡C ¸ê®Æ®wÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡]Perl DBI¡^ªºµo°_¤H¬°¤@©w¼Æ¶qªº°Ó·~¸ê®Æ®w¤ÞÀº¨î©w¼Ð·Ç¡A ©Ò¥H§A¥u»Ýªá«Ü¤Ö¤u¤Ò«K¥i±q Oracle Âà¨ì PostgreSQL¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect2> PostgreSQL ªº DBD ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ <p> ¦b§A¦w¸Ë DBD PostgreSQL ¡]ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡^«e¡A§A­n¥ý¦w¸Ë DBI¡A±q¥H¤U¦a¤è¨ú±o DBI ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡J <itemize> <item> ¥ý±q <url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/CPAN"> ¨ú±o©Ò¦³ Perl ¼Ò²Õ¤§¥À¡A¥´¡¥/usr/bin/cpan¡¦¡B¡¥man CPAN¡¦©M¼Æ¥H¤d­pªº¼Ò²Õ <url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module">¡C <item> DBI ¼Ò²Õ <url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module/DBI"> <item> DBI ¼Ò²Õ <url url="http://www.symbolstone.org/technology/perl/DBI"> <item> DBI FAQ <url url="http://www.symbolstone.org/technology/perl/DBI/doc/faq.html"> <item> Perl DBI ªº°Ñ¦Ò¤å¥ó <url url="http://www.symbolstone.org/technology/perl/DBI"> <item> DBI ³q«H½×¾Â <url url="http://www.fugue.com/dbi"> <item> Perl ¸ê®Æ®w°Ñ¦Ò¤å¥ó <url url="http://www.perl.com/reference/query.cgi?section=database"> <item> ¤U¸ü DBI rpm ¡]ª`·N¡J¥i¯à¬Oª©¡^<url url="http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=DBI"> </itemize> ¦b¦¹¨ú±o DBD-Pg <itemize> <item> ¥ý±q <url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/CPAN"> ¨ú±o©Ò¦³ Perl ¼Ò²Õ¤§¥À¡A¥´¡¥/usr/bin/cpan¡¦¡B¡¥man CPAN¡¦©M¼Æ¥H¤d­pªº¼Ò²Õ <url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module">¡C <item> DBD ¼Ò²Õ <url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module/DBD">¡A§ä DBD-pg ÀÉ©Î <url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/DBD" name="DBD">¡C <item> Comprehensive Perl Archive Network CPAN <url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN"> ¦b³o³B¿ï¡¥Database¡¦¡]¦b Search ²°¤l¤W¤è¡^¡A À»¿ï¡¥Go¡¦«ö¶s¡C <item> ¹w¥ý½sĶ¤Fªºµøµ¡ NT/2000 ®M¥ó¥i¦b <url url="http://www.edmund-mergl.de/export/DBD-Pg.zip"> ±o¨ì <item> ¤U¸ü DBD rpm ¡]ª`·N¡J¥i¯à¬Oª©¡^<url url="http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=DBD"> <item> Perl ¼Ò²Õ¡]¼Æ¥H¤d­p¡^<url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module">¡C </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect2>DBI ªº§Þ³N¤ä´© <p> <itemize> <item> ½Ð±N·N¨£©Î¿ù»~³ø§i³s¦P perl -v ©M perl -V 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POD ¾\Ū¾¹¦³¿³½ì¡C¥¦·|§â POD ½s±Æ¨ì¤@­Ó¤è«K¤Î¥i¾\Ūªº§Î¦¡¡C ¤]½Ð¬Ý¬Ý <itemize> <item> ¨Ó¦Û DBI ªº³q«H½×¾Âªº¸ê®Æ <url url="http://www.symbolstone.org/technology/perl/DBI/tidbits"> <item> DBI Perl Journal ºô­¶ <url url="http://www.tpj.com"> <item>¡§DBperl¡¨³o¤å³¹¦b¤@¤E¤E¤»¦~¤Q¤@¤ëªº¡§Dr. Dobbs Journal¡¨µoªí¡C <item>¡§The Perl5 Database Interface¡¨¡A¤@¥»¥Ñ Alligator Descartes ¼g¦¨¡A¥Ñ O'Reilly and Associates ¥Xª©ªº®Ñ¡C </itemize> ¥Î®a¥i¯à°Ñ¥[ªº³q«H½×¾Â¬°¡J <itemize> <item> ³q«H½×¾Â <url url="http://www.fugue.com/dbi"> <item> <bf>dbi-announce</bf> ¹q¶l¦Ü <htmlurl url="mailto:dbi-announce-request@fugue.com" name="dbi-announce-request@fugue.com"> ¥H 'subscribe' ¬°¥¿¤å¤º®e <item> <bf>dbi-dev</bf> ¶}µo¤H­û±M¥Î Email: <htmlurl url="mailto:dbi-dev-request@fugue.com" name="dbi-dev-request@fugue.com"> ¥H 'subscribe' ¬°¥¿¤å¤º®e <item> <bf>dbi-users</bf> ¤@¯ë°Q½× Email: <htmlurl url="mailto:dbi-users-request@fugue.com" name="dbi-users-request@fugue.com"> ¥H 'subscribe' ¬°¥¿¤å¤º®e <item> ¬ü°ê³q«H¦s®w <url url="http://outside.organic.com/mail-archives/dbi-users/"> <item> ¼Ú¬w³q«H¦s®w <url url="http://www.rosat.mpe-garching.mpg.de/mailing-lists/PerlDB-Interest"> </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect2>µøµ¡ 95/NT ¦³¨S¦³ DBI ¤ä´©¡H <p> DBI ©M DBD::Oracle ªº Win32 ª©¥»¤w¦¨¬° DBI ªº¼Ð·Ç³¡¤À¡C¦]¦¹¡A¤ñ DBI 0.81 °ªªºª©¥»À³¸Ó·|¥¿±`¹B§@¡C³z¹L ODBC¡A§A¥i¥H¦s¨ú·L³n Access ©M SQL-Server ¸ê®Æ®w¡C¦b DBI-0.79¡]¤Î¥H«á¡^¦³¤@­Ó Win32::ODBC DBI ¼ÒÀÀ¼h¡C¥¦¦W¬° DBI::W32ODBC¡C§A»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î Win32::odbc ¼Ò²Õ¡C <itemize> <item> Win32 DBI <url url="http://www.symbolstone.org/technology/perl/DBI"> <item> Win32 ODBC <url url="http://www.roth.net"> <item> ·L³n SQL server ªº Perl ¤¶­± <url url="http://www.algonet.se/~sommar/mssql"> </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect2>°Ó·~¤ä´©¤Î°V½m <p> <bf>PERL CLINIC : </bf> Perl Clinic ¥H¦X¬ù§Î¦¡¬° Perl¡BDBI¡BDBD::Oracle ©M Oraperl ´£¨Ñ°Ó·~¤ä´©¡C³o¨Ç¤ä´©¬O¥Ñ DBI §@ªÌ Tim Bunce ¤u§@ªº¤½¥q´£¨Ñªº¡C±ýª¾¸Ô±¡¡A½Ð¬Ý¡J <itemize> <item> ¤ä´© <url url="http://www.perlclinic.com"> <item> ¤ä´© <url url="http://www.perldirect.com"> <item> °ö°V <url url="http://www.westlake.com/training"> </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1>´ú¸Õ Perl ¤¶­± <p> ½Ð°Ñ¾\<ref id="Testing Perl" name="´ú¸Õ Perl¡XPostgreSQL ¤¶­±">¤@¸` <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* <chapt> PostgreSQL ºÞ²z¤u¨ã --> <sect> PostgreSQL ºÞ²z¤u¨ã <p> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> PGACCESS - ºÞ²z PostgreSQL ªº GUI ¤u¨ã <p> PgAccess ¬O PostgreSQL ªº Tcl/Tk ¤¶­±¡C¥¦¤w¸g¥]¬A¦b PostgreSQL ªºµo¦æ®M¥ó¤¤¡C§A¥i¯à·Q±q³oºô­¶§ä¥X¥¦¦³¨S¦³·sª©¥»¡J <itemize> <item> <url url="http://www.flex.ro/pgaccess"> <item> ¦p¦³¥ô¦ó·N¨£¡B§ï¨}ªº«Øij¡A¹q¶l¡J <htmlurl url="mailto:teo@flex.ro" name="teo@flex.ro"> </itemize> pgaccess ªº¥Îªk <code> # man xhost # xhost + # su - postgres bash$ man pgaccess bash$ export DISPLAY=<¥D¾÷¦W>:0.0 bash$ pgaccess mydatabase </code> PgAccess ªº¯S¦â PgAccess µøµ¡¡XMain window, Table builder, Table(query) view, Visual query builder. Tables <itemize> <item>¶}±Òªí®æ (tables) ¬d¾\¡A³Ì¦h¤G¦Ê­Ó¬ö¿ý¡]¥i¦b perferences µæ³æ§ó§ï¡^ <item>Äy©ì¦²««ª½®æ½u (grid line) ­«¾ã¤j¤p¡]¦b¦CªíªÅ¶¡ (table space) ¶i¦æ¤ñ¦b¦Cªí¥Ø¿ý (table header) ¦n¡^ <item>³æ®æ¤¤¦Û°Ê´«¦æ¡X¨C­Óªí®æªº°t¸m¿W¥ßÀx¦s <item>¶×¤J/¶×¥X¨ä¥LÀɮ׮榡¡]SDF¡BCSV¡^ <item>¹LÂo¥\¯à¡]¿é¤J¦p price>3.14 ªº¹LÂo¾¹¡^ <item>±Æ§Ç¥\¯à¡]¦Û¦æ¿é¤J»Ý±Æ§ÇªºÄæ¦ì¡^ <item>§Y³õ½s¿è <item>§ï¨}¤Fªºªí®æ²£¥Í§U²z (table generator assistant) <item>§ï¨}¤FªºÄæ¦ì½s¿è </itemize> Queries <itemize> <item>©w¸q¡B½s¿è©MÀx¦s¡§¥Î®a©w¸q¬d¸ß¡¨(user defined queries) <item>§â¬d¸ßÀx¦s§@¬°´ºÆ[ (views) <item>¬d¸ßªº°õ¦æ <item>Æ[¬Ý select §Î¦¡ªº¬d¸ßµ²ªG <item>§R°£©M§ó§ï¬d¸ß¦WºÙ <item>¨ã©ì¦²©M©ñ¤U¥\¯àªº Visual query builder¡C¦pªG§A¦³¦w¸Ë Netscape Navigator ªº Tcl/Tk ´¡¥ó¡A§A¥i¦b¦¹¬Ý¨ì¥¦¤u§@¡J ¡]Ķ«ö¡J¤£ª¾¦b­þ¡H¡I¡^ </itemize> §Ç¦C (sequence) <itemize> <item>©w¸q¡B§R°£©MÀˬd§Ç¦C </itemize> ¨ç¼Æ (Function) <itemize> <item>¨Ï¥Î SQL »y¨¥©w¸q¡BÀˬd©M§R°£¨ç¼Æ </itemize> ±N¨ÓÁÙ·|¦³¥H¤U§ï¶i <itemize> <item>ªí®æ³]­p¡]¼W¥[Äæ¦ì¡B§ó¦Wµ¥µ¥¡^ <item>¨ç¼Æ©w¸q <item>³ø§i²£¥Í¾¹ <item>°ò¥»ªº©R¥O½Z½s¼g¥\¯à </itemize> ¦³Ãö LIBGTCL ªº¸ê®Æ §A·|¥Î¨ì PostgreSQL ¨ì Tcl ªº¤¶­±µ{¦¡®w libpgtcl¡A©Ò¿×ªº Tcl/Tk ¥i¡¥¸ü¤J¡¦¼Ò²Õ¡Clibpgtcl ©M­ì©l½X¦ì©ó PostgreSQL ªº /src/interfaces/libpgtcl ¥Ø¿ý¡C¯S©w¨Ó»¡¡A§A»Ý­n¤@­Ó¥i¦b Tcl/Tk¡¥¸ü¤J¡¦ªº libpgtcl µ{¦¡®w¡C§Þ³N¤W¨Ó»¡¡A¥¦©M´¶³qªº PostgreSQL ¥i¸ü¤J¥ØªºÀɨ䣬ۦP¡A¦]¬° libpgtcl ¬O¤@°ï¥ØªºÀÉ (object files) ªº¶°¦X¡C³oÀɮצb Linux ¦W¬° libpgtcl.so¡C§A¥i¦b¥H¤Wºô§}¤U¸ü¤@­Ó¬° Linux i386 ¨t²Î¹w¥ý½sĶ¤Fªºª©¥»¡C¥u»Ý§â³oÀɮ׫þ¨©¨ì¨t²Îµ{¦¡®w¥Ø¿ý¡]/usr/lib¡^ §Y¥i¡C¦p¦³ºÃÃø¡A¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¬O§R°£­ì©l½X¤¤¦³Ãö¸ü¤J libpgtcl.so ªº¤@¥y©M¨Ï¥Î pgwish¡]©Î wishpg¡^¨Ó¸ü¤J pgaccess.tcl¡A¦Ó«D wish¡A¦]¬°³o wish ¤wÃìµ² libpgtcl ¨ç¦¡®w¡C ¦pªG§A¦b½sĶ pgaccess ¥Ø¿ý®É¹J¨ì crypt not found ªº°ÝÃD¡A½Ð¨Ï¥Î -lcrypt¡C <!-- ******************************************* ************ End of Section *************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> PostgreSQL ¹Ï«¬¤¶­±¬d¸ß¤u¨ã GtkSQL <p> GtkSQL 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Cain ©M Pascal Andre ¼g¦¨¡C <itemize> <item> PyGreSQL ªº·sºô¯¸ <url url="http://www.druid.net/pygresql/"> <item> D'Arcy ©ÒºûÅ@ªº <url url="http://www.druid.net/~darcy/"> <item> ºô¯¸¦b <url url="ftp://ftp.via.ecp.fr/pub/python/contrib/Database/PyGres95.README "> <item> D'Arcy J.M. Cain <htmlurl url="mailto:darcy@druid.net" name="darcy@druid.net"> <item> Pascal Andre <htmlurl url="mailto:andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr" name="andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr"> <item> Pascal Andre <htmlurl url="mailto:andre@via.ecp.fr" name="andre@via.ecp.fr"> </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ¦p¦ó¨ú±o PyGres¡H <p> ¤£¦P®M¥óªº¥Dºô¯¸¦b¡J <itemize> <item> Python <url url="ftp://ftp.python.org:/pub/www.python.org/1.5/python1.5b2.tar.gz"> <item> PyGreSQL <url url="ftp://ftp.druid.net/pub/distrib/PyGreSQL-2.1.tgz"> <item> ºô¯¸ <url url="ftp://ftp.via.ecp.fr/pub/python/contrib/Database/PyGres95-1.0b.tar.gz "> </itemize> µL½×¦p¦ó¡A§AÀ³¹Á¸Õ´M§ä³Ì±µªñ§Aªº¬M®g¯¸¥x¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¨Ó§ä³o¨Ç¯¸¥x¡CPygreSQL ¤]·|¦b Python ©M PostgreSQL ¯¸¥xªº contrib ¥Ø¿ý§ä¨ì¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ¸ê®Æ©M¤ä´© <p> ¦pªG§A»Ý­n³o¨Ç®M¥óªº¸ê®Æ¡A½Ð¬d¬Ý¥H¤Uºô­¶¡J <itemize> <item> Python¡J <url url="http://www.python.org/"> <item> PostgreSQL¡J <url url="http://epoch.cs.berkeley.edu:8000/postgres95/index.html"> <item> PyGreSQL <url url="ftp://ftp.druid.net/pub/distrib/PyGreSQL-2.1.tgz"> <item> PyGreSQL ºô¯¸¡J <url url="http://www.via.ecp.fr/via/products/pygres.html"> </itemize> ¤ä´©¡J <itemize> <item> PyGreSQL ªº³q«H½×¾Â¡C­n°Ñ¥[ªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¹q¶l¦Ü¡J <htmlurl url="mailto:majordomo@vex.net" name="majordomo@vex.net"> ¦b¥¿¤å¤¤¼g¡§subscribe pygresql name@domain¡¨¡A§â¡§name@domain¡¨ §ï¬°§A¦Û¤vªº¹q¶l¦a§}¡C <item> Python ªº·s»D²Õ¡J newsgroup comp.lang.python <item> PyGreSQL : ¦p¦³¯äÂγø§i¡B·N¨£¡Bª`ÄÀ¡A½Ð§ä Andre <htmlurl url="mailto:andre@via.ecp.fr" name="andre@via.ecp.fr"> </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1>´ú¸Õ Python ¤¶­± <p> ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="Testing PyGreSQL" name="´ú¸Õ Python¡XPostgreSQL ¤¶­±"> ¤@¸`¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* <chapt> PostgreSQL ©M¸Uºûºôªº¹h¸ô (gateway) ¡X WDB-P95 --> <sect>PostgreSQL ©M¸Uºûºôªº¹h¸ô (gateway) ¡X WDB-P95 <p> <sect1>¦³Ãö wdb-p95 <p> WDB-P95 - ¤@­Ó¥Ñ J. Douglas Dunlop ¶}µoªº PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®w¸Uºûºô¤¶­± ¥¦¦b¡J <itemize> <item> J Rowe ªº·s WDB ¦b <url url="http://www.lava.net/beowulf/programming/wdb"> <item> ·sª©¥»ªº WWW-WDB ¦b <url url="http://www.eol.ists.ca/~dunlop/wdb-p95/"> <item> ¦³°ÝÃD©Î·Q¥[¤J³q«H½×¾Â <htmlurl url="mailto:dunlop@eol.ists.ca" name="dunlop@eol.ists.ca"> </itemize> ³o¬O¤@­Ó­×§ï¤Fªº wdb-1.3a2¡A´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó PostgreSQL ¨ì¸Uºûºôªº¹h¸ô¡C ³oª©¥»¤]»Ý­n¯à³B²z HTML ªí®æªºÂsÄý¾¹¡C­ì¥»ªº wdb µL¦¹­n¨D¡A¦ý­nÁÙ­ì¤]¤£Ãø¡C §A¥i¹Á¸Õ CASI Tape ©M Image Query¡C§A¥i¬Ý¬Ý¨ä Form Definition File (FDF)¡A¥¦¤]¥Î©ó²£¥Í CASI Tape ©M Image Query¡A¥¦¥]§t¤F¨â­Ó¦CªíªºÁpµ² (join)¡C ³oª©¥»¥]§t©Ò¦³»Ý­n¥Î©ó¦w¸Ë©M°õ¦æ¥H WDB-P95 ¬° PostgreSQL ¤¶­±ªºÀɮסC­n§â³o¨t²Î²¾´Ó¨ì¨ä¥L¸ê®Æ®wÀ³»á¬°Â²³æ¡X¦pªG¥¦¤ä´©¼Ð·Çªº SQL ©M¾Ö¦³ Perl ¤¶­±¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> PostgreSQL ¦øªA¾¹¡Bpgperl ©M httpd ¬O§_»Ý¦b¦P¤@¹q¸£¡H <p> §_¡XPostgreSQL ¤£»Ý¦b¦P¤@¹q¸£¡C¦] WDB-P95 ¥Ñ httpd ºÊ±±µ{¦¡ (daemon) ©I¥s¡A¥¦­Ì­n¦b¦P¤@³¡¹q¸£¡C¤S¦]¬° WDB-P95 ¨Ï¥Î Pg.pm¡Apgperl ¤]­n¦b¦P¤@¹q¸£¡C Pgperl ¬O¥H libpq ¨ç¦¡®w¼g¦¨¡A©Ò¥H¥¦¥i¦s¨úºôµ¸¤W¥ô¦ó PostgreSQL ¦øªA¾¹¡A´N¦p¨ä¥L PostgreSQL «È¤á¡C¦p¤U©Ò­z¡J (¸Uºûºô«È¤á (Netscape)) => (HTTP ¦øªA¾¹ (NCSA's http) + WDB-P95 + pgperl + libpq)=> (PostgreSQL ¦øªA¾¹) ¬A¸¹ () ¥Nªí¹q¸£¡C ¨C³¡¹q¸£¥i¬O¤£¦PÃþ«¬¡JNT¡BSUN¡BHP¡K¡K¦ý§A»Ý­n¦b§A¥´ºâ°õ¦æ WDB-P95 ªº¹q¸£ªº libpq ¤¶­±¨ç¦¡®w¡A¦]¬°§A­n¥Î¥¦¨Ó½sĶ pgperl¡C¡]³o¨t²Î³]­p¦¨·|¨Ï¥Î HTML ªí®æ¡A©Ò¥H³Ì¦n¦³¤@·sªñªº¸Uºûºô«È¤áºÝ¡C¡^ <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* <chapt> ¨ä¥L¤¶­±¤u¨ã --> <sect>"C", "C++", ESQL/C »y¨¥¤¶­±©M PostgreSQL ªº³v¦ì¹Bºâ¤¸ (Bitwise Operators) <p> <sect1> "C" ¤¶­± <p> ¥¦¤w¥]§t¦bµo¦æª©¥»¤¤¡A¦W¬°¡¥libpq¡¦¡C©M Oracle OCI¡BSybase DB-lib¡BInformix CLI ¨ç¦¡®w¬Û¦ü¡C <sect1> "C++" ¤¶­± <p> ¥¦¤w¥]§t¦bµo¦æª©¥»¤¤¡A¦W¬°¡¥libpq++¡¦¡C ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="Testing libpq" name="´ú¸Õ libpq, libpq++ ¤¶­±"> ¤@¸`¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ESQL/C <p> PostgreSQL ESQL/C 'Embedded C Pre-compiler' Ãþ¦ü Oracle Pro*C¡BInformix ESQL/C¡CPostgreSQL ESQL/C ¬O¤@ºØ SQL À³¥Îµ{¦¡¤¶­± (API)¡A¨Ï C µ{¦¡³]­p®v¯à¦Û¦æ³]­p¥i¾Ö¦³ºÞ²z¸ê®Æ®wªº¯à¤OªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¡CPostgreSQL ESQL/C ®e³\§A¨Ï¥Î§A©Ò¼ô±xªº²Ä¤T¥N¹q¸£»y¨¥¦Ó¤S¯à§Q¥Î¨ìµ²ºc¤Æ¬d¸ß»y¨¥ (SQL) ªºÀuÂI¡C ESQL/C ¥]§t¥H¤U³n¥ó¡J <itemize> <item> ESQL/C ¨ç¦¡®w´£¨Ñ¨ã¸ê®Æ®w¦øªA¾¹¦s¨ú¯à¤Oªº C ¨ç¦¡¡C <item> ESQL/C ¼ÐÀYÀÉ´£¨Ñ¹ï ESQL/C µ{¦¡¦³¥Îªº¸ê®Æµ²ºc¡B±`¼Æ©M¥¨¶°ªº©w¸q¡C <item> ESQL/C ¹w³B²z¾¹¡A¤@­Ó§â¥]§t SQL ¥y¤lªº C ÀÉÂà´«¬°¥i°õ¦æÀɪº·½µ{¦¡¹w³B²z¾¹¡C ¡]Ķ«ö¡JÀ³¬°§â§t´O¤J¦¡ SQL ªº C ÀÉ®×Âà´«¬°¼Ð·Çªº C ÀɮסA¨Ã¥i¥Ñ gcc ½sĶ¬°¥i°õ¦æÀÉ¡C¥t¥~¡APostgreSQL ªº SQL ´O¤J¦¡ SQL ¹w³B²z¾¹À³¦W¬° ecpg¡C¡^ </itemize> ¥¦¦b <itemize> <item> PostgreSQL ªº ESQL/C ¤w¥]§t¦bµo¦æª©¥»¤¤¡C <item> ¥Dºô¯¸ <url url="ftp://ftp.lysator.liu.se/pub/linus"> <item>¹q¶l¡J <htmlurl url="mailto:linus@epact.se" name="linus@epact.se"> </itemize> ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="Testing ecpg" name="´ú¸Õ ecpg ¤¶­±"> ¤@¸`¡C ­n¨Ï¥Î Vim ±m¦â½s¿è¾¹½s¼g¡¥ecpg¡¦ÀÉ¡]*.pgc¡^¡A§A­n³o¼Ë°µ¡J <code> bash$ su - postgres bash$ mkdir $HOME/vim «Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¦W¬°¡¥$HOME/vim/myfilestypes.vim¡¦ªºÀɮסA¤º¦³¥H¤U¼Æ¦æ " myfiletypefile au! BufRead,BufNewFile *.pgc set filetype=esqlc </code> §AÀ³¸Ó¦³¤@­Ó $HOME/.gvimrc ÀÉ¡C§_«h½Ð¦Û¤v»s³y¤@­Ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¦b <url url="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Vim-HOWTO.html"> ªº Vim HOWTO ¤å¥ó¡C ¦b $HOME/.gvimrc ¥[¤W¥H¤U¤@¦æ <code> let myfiletypefile = "~/vim/myfiletypes.vim" </code> ²{¦b¦pªG§A¥Î <code> bash$ gvim sample.pgc </code> ½s¿èÀɮסA§A¥i±o¨ì¨Ì»yªk¬ð¥X¤º¤å (syntax highlight) ªºÃC¦â¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> PostgreSQL ªº³v¦ì¤¸¹Bºâ¤¸ <p> ³v¦ì¤¸¹Bºâ¤¸¥Ñ Nicolas Moldavsky ¼g¦¨ <itemize> <item> <htmlurl url="mailto:nico@overnet.com.ar" name="nico@overnet.com.ar"> </itemize> ¹ê½î³v¦ì¤¸¹Bºâ¡]AND¡BOR¡BXOR¡B¦ì¤¸¸É¼Æ (bitwise complement)¡^ªº pgsql¡§C¡¨¨ç¦¡¡C¥i¸g°Î¦W FTP ±o¨ì¡J <itemize> <item> <url url="ftp://ftp.overnet.com.ar/pub/utils/linux/bitpgsql.tgz"> </itemize> ¥]¬A¤F Linux ªº Makefile¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect>PostgreSQL ªº¤é¤å°²¦W½X (Kanji Code) <p> ¥¦¦b¥H¤Uºô§}¡J <itemize> <item> <url url="ftp://ftp.sra.co.jp/pub/cmd/postgres/"> </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* <chapt>²¾´Ó PostgreSQL ¨ìµøµ¡ 95 / µøµ¡ NT --> <sect>²¾´Ó PostgreSQL ¨ìµøµ¡ 95 / µøµ¡ NT <p> µøµ¡ NT ª©ªº PostgreSQL ¤G¤¸ÀÉ¥i¦b¥H¤U¦a¤è§ä¨ì¡J <itemize> <item> µøµ¡ NT PostgreSQL ¤G¤¸ÀÉ <url url="http://www.askesis.nl"> <item> <url url="http://www.postgresql.org"> </itemize> ¤U¸ü¥i°õ¦æÀÉ¡A±N¥¦¸ÑÀ£¡A¨Ã±q²Ä¤Q¤T¨B¶}©l¸ò±q<ref id="installpgsql" name="¦w¸Ë PostgreSQL">¡C ¦pªG§A·Q­«·s½sĶ­ìµ{¦¡½X¡A½Ð¸ò±q¥H¤U«ü¥Ü¡C²¾´Ó¨ìµøµ¡ NT ­n¨Ï¥Î Cygnus cygwin32 ®M¥ó¡A¥¦¥]¬Aµøµ¡ NT/95 ªº gcc¡Bgmake¡C <itemize> <item> Cygwin 32 ®M¥ó¦b <url url="http://www.cygnus.com/misc/gnu-win32"> §ä¨ì </itemize> ¨ì¦¹ºô­¶¨ú±o cdk.exe ÀÉ¡]gnu-win32 ªº¦Û§Ú¸ÑÀ£ÀÉ¡^ ¡]Ķ«ö¡J¦¹¤u¨ã¤w§ï¦W¬° cygwin¡Aºô§}¬° <url url="http://sourceware.cygnus.com">¡C¡^ <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> NT ª©ªº§@ªÌ <p> PostgreSQL NT ª©ªº§@ªÌ¬°¡X <itemize> <item> Daniel Horak <htmlurl url="mailto:horak@mmp.plzen-city.cz" name="horak@mmp.plzen-city.cz"> <item> Joost Kraaijeveld <htmlurl url="mailto:JKraaijeveld@askesis.nl" name="JKraaijeveld@askesis.nl"> <item> Kevin Lo <htmlurl url="mailto:kevlo@FreeBSD.org" name="kevlo@FreeBSD.org"> <item> NT ª©ªººô­¶¦b <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~kevlo/postgres/portNT.html"> </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ¦w¸Ë Cygwin ®M¥ó <p> <enum> <item> ¤U¸ü <url url="ftp://go.cygnus.com/pub/sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/latest/full.exe"> <item> °õ¦æ full.exe¡A¦w¸Ë¨ì c:\Unix\Root ¥Ø¿ý¡C <item> °õ¦æ Cygwin¡AÁä¤J¡¥mount --help¡¦¥H¾\Ū¤å¥ó¡C§A¥i¥Î -f ¿ï¶µ±j¨î±¾¤W¡C¤§«á°õ¦æ¡§umount / " ©M¡§mount c:\Unix\Root /¡¨ </enum> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ³]©w Bash µøµ¡ <p> ¦w¸Ë Cygwin ®M¥ó«á¡A½Ð¶i¦æ¥H¤U¤u§@¥H³]©w¤u§@Àô¹Ò¡J 1. ¦w¸Ë Vi ½s¿è¾¹¡¥Vim¡¦¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\ <url url="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Vim-HOWTO.html"> 2. cygwin bash ªº¹w©wµøµ¡¬O¤@­Ó¤Ü¥|¦æ¡A©³¦â¬°¶Â¦âªºµøµ¡¡C­n³]©w bash µøµ¡ªº©³¦â©M¤j¤p¡A«ö¶}©l->±±¨î¥x->MS DOS ¥D±±¥x¡A§â©³¦â³]©w¬°¶Â¦â¡A ¤j¤p§ï¬°¤C¤Q¦æ¡C ¡]©Î¡^¥kÀ»µøµ¡¼ÐÃD¦C¡A§ïÅܤº®e¡C 3. ½s¿è c:\cygnus\cywinb20 ¤¤ªº cygnus.bat ©M§@¥H¤U³]©w¡X <code> set HOME=c:\cygnus\cygwinb20 bash --login </code> ¤Î½s¿è ~/.bash_profile ¥[¤W³o´X¦æ <code> set -o vi PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin export PATH </code> 4. ­n±Ò¥Î«ü¥O¦C¾ú¥v½s¿è¡AÁä¤J¡X bash$ set -o vi ¨Ï¥Î l¡Bk¡Bj¡Bh¡A§A¥i¥Î vi «ü¥O½s¿è«ü¥O¦C¾ú¥v¡C§A¥i­«ÂЩM­×§ï¤§«eªº«ü¥O¡A¥H¸`¬Ù¥´¦r®É¶¡¡C 5. §A¥i¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O±¾¤WºÏºÐ¾÷ / ¥Ø¿ý¡X <code> bash$ umount / bash$ mount "c:\cygnus" / bash$ mount "c:\cygnus\cygwin-b20\postgres" /usr/local/pgsql </code> 6. ¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O¾\Ū½u¤W¨D§U°T®§¡X <code> bash$ mount --help bash$ ls --help </code> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ¦w¸Ë Andy Piper ¤u¨ã <p> <enum> <item>¨ì <url url="ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/aux/"> ¤U¸ü cygwin-b20-local.tar.bz2 ¨ì c:/Unix/Root ¥Ø¿ý¡C <item> cd c:/Unix/Root; bunzip2 cygwin-b20-local.tar.bz2 <item> tar -xvf cygwin-b20-local.tar <item> cd /local/bin; sh check_cygwin_setup.sh <item> §¹¦¨²Ä¥|¨B«á¡A§A·|¬Ý¨ì¥H¤U°T®§¡J <code> You don't have /bin would you like to mount cygwin as /bin?" &lsqb y/n &rsqb ¿ï¡¥n¡¦¡A¨ä¥L°ÝÃD«h¿ï¡¥y¡¦¡C </code> <item> mount c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/bin /bin <item> cd c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32; mkdir libexec share man etc sbin info <item> cp -R /local/&lcub bin,libexec,share,man,etc,sbin,info,include &rcub </enum> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ¦w¸Ë Ludovic Lange ªº Cygwin32 IPC ®M¥ó <p> <enum> <item> ¨ì <url url="http://www.multione.capgemini.fr/tools/pack_ipc"> ¤U¸ü cygwin32_ipc-1.03.tgz ¨ì c:/Unix/Root ¥Ø¿ý¡C <item> tar -zxvf cygwin32_ipc-1.03.tgz <item> cd cygwin32_ipc-1.03/src and run 'make' <item> mkdir -p c:/usr/local/{bin,include,lib,include/sys} <code> cp /cygwin32_ipc-1.03/bin/* c:/usr/local/bin cp /cygwin32_ipc-1.03/include/sys/* c:/usr/local/include/sys cp /cygwin32_ipc-1.03/lib/* c:/usr/local/lib cp c:/usr/local/bin/* /bin cp c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/bin/* /bin </code> <item> mount c:/usr/local/bin /usr/local/bin <code> mount c:/usr/local/include /usr/local/include mount c:/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib cp /local/lib/* /usr/local/lib </code> </enum> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ¦w¸Ë PostgreSQL <label id="installpgsql"> <p> <enum> <item> ¤U¸ü³Ì·sªº PostgreSQL ·½µ{¦¡½X <item> Postgres §â©Ò¦³ÀÉ®×·í§@¤G¤¸ÀÉ¡A©Ò¥H·|¹J¨ì lf/cf °ÝÃD¡A§Ú­Ì­n°µ²Ä¤G¦Ü¤­¨B¡J <code> mkdir -p c:/Postgres/{Source,Binary} mkdir c:/Postgres/Binary/pgsql mkdir -p /usr/src/pgsql mkdir -p /usr/local/pgsql </code> <item> §â Postgres ·½µ{¦¡½X«þ¨©¨ì c:/Postgres/Source ¥Ø¿ý¡A¤§«á tar -zxvf postgresql-6.5.3.tar.gz <item> mv postgresql-6.5.3 pgsql <item> ²{¦b±¾¤W¦U­Ó¥Ø¿ý¡X <code> mount -b c:/Postgres/Binary/pgsql /usr/local/pgsql mount c:/Postgres/Source/pgsql /usr/src/pgsql mount c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/share /sw/cygwin-b20/share </code> <item> mkdir -p /usr/local/pgsql/{bin,include,lib,data} <item> cd /usr/src/pgsql/src/win32 <item> «þ¨©¼ÐÀYÀÉ¡X <code> cp un.h c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/include/sys cp endian.h c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/include cp tcp.h c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/include/netinet </code> <item> ln -s /usr/local/lib /usr/src/pgsql/src/backend/libpostgres.a <item> cd /usr/src/pgsql/src, ¤§«á°õ¦æ './configure' <item> make > make.txt 2>&1 <item> make install > make.install.txt 2>&1 <item> cp /usr/local/pgsql/lib/pq.dll /usr/local/pgsql/bin <item> ¦b make install ¤§«á§A­n§â bin ©M lib ¥Ø¿ý¤¤ªº¤å¦rÀÉÂà´«¡A¥H²M°£ cr/lf ©M eof ¤§ÃþªF¦è¡C <item> ¦b / ¥Ø¿ý¨Ï¥Î¥ô¦ó½s¿è¾¹²£¥Í .bashrc ¦p¤U¡J <code> PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin:/usr/local/bin PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/data PGLIB=/usr/local/pgsql/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib:/usr/local/lib export LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH PGDATA PGLIB </code> <item> source /.bashrc, ¤§«á°õ¦æ 'initdb --username=xxxx' ­nª`·N¸ê®Æ®w¨t²Îªº¾Ö¦³¤H¤£¥i¥H¬O root/administrator¡C <item> ½s¿è /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf ÀÉ¡A¦p¡J <code> host all 163.17.11.109 255.255.255.0 trust </code> <item> ipc-daemon.exe& <item> postmaster -i& <item> °õ¦æ ' psql -h host_name template1' </enum> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* <chapt>³q«H½×¾Â --> <sect>³q«H½×¾Â <p> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1>PostgreSQL ªº¹q¶l¤á¤f <p> ¥H¤U¦a¤è¨ú±o§K¶O¹q¶l <itemize> <item> ¦b Yahoo <url url="http://www.yahoo.com"> À»¿ï e-mail <item> In Lycos <url url="http://www.lycos.com"> À»¿ï new e-mail accounts <item> In hotmail <url url="http://www.hotmail.com"> À»¿ï new e-mail accounts </itemize> ­q¾\ PostgreSQL ³q«H½×¾Â¡A¦Ó Yahoo ¦³¤@­Óªþ¥[¯S¦â¡A¥i¬° PostgreSQL ¹q¶l«Ø¥ß¿W¥ßªº¥Ø¿ý¡A§K­PÂZ¶Ã§A¨ä¥Lªº¹q¶l¡C¾Ü¿ï¥Ø¿ý Email- > Options- > Filters ¤Î´z¿ï seperate folder for email¡C §A¥i¥Î³o­Ó¹q¶l¤á¤f¦b¥@¬É¥ô¦ó¦a¤è¦¬µo¹q¶l¡A¥u­n§A¯à¤Wºô¡C ¦pªG§A¦³¨ä¥L¹q¶l¡A§A¥i¥Î¡§Mail Filters¡¨¨Ó¦Û°Ê§â PostgreSQL ¶l¥ó©ñ¨ì¿W¥ßªº¥Ø¿ý¡A¥H§K²V¶Ã¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1>­^¤å³q«H½×¾Â <p> ½Ð°Ñ¾\¥Dºô­¶ªº Mailing Lists ¶µ¥Ø¡J <itemize> <item> <url url="http://www.postgresql.org/"> <item>§â°ÝÃD¹q¶l¦Ü¡J <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-questions@postgresql.org" name="pgsql-questions@postgresql.org"> <item> ¶}µo¤H­û <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org" name="pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org"> <item> ¦³Ãö²¾´Óªº°ÝÃD <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-ports@postgresql.org" name="pgsql-ports@postgresql.org"> <item> ¤å¥ó°ÝÃD <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org" name="pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"> </itemize> §A·|¦b¤@¤é¤§¤º±q¹q¶l¦¬¨ìµª®×©Î¦^ÂСC §A¤]¥i­q¾\³q°T½×¾Â¡C­n­q¾\©Î°±¤î­q¾\¡A¹q¶l¦Ü <itemize> <item> <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-questions-request@postgresql.org" name="pgsql-questions-request@postgresql.org"> <item> <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-hackers-request@postgresql.org" name="pgsql-hackers-request@postgresql.org"> <item> <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-ports-request@postgresql.org" name="pgsql-ports-request@postgresql.org"> <item> <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-docs-request@postgresql.org" name="pgsql-docs-request@postgresql.org"> </itemize> °T®§ªº¥¿¤å¥u¥i¦³¤@¦æ <p> subscribe <p> ¡]©Î¡^ <p> unsubscribe <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1>³q«H½×¾Â¦s®w <p> ³q«H½×¾Â¤]¥H html ®æ¦¡¦s®w¦b¥H¤U¦a¤è¡J <itemize> <item> ¸g MHonarc ¦A¸g WWW ªº¨C¤é¥Ø¿ý <url url="http://www.postgresql.org/mhonarc/pgsql-questions"> <item> <url url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org"> ¥Ø¿ý /pub/majordomo </itemize> PostgreSQL ¥Dºô­¶¤¤¤]¦³¤@­Ó±M¬° pgsql °ÝÃD¦Ó³]ªº·j´M¤ÞÀº¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1>¦è¯Z¤ú¤å³q«H½×¾Â <p> ¥Ø«e¦³¤@­Ó¡u«D©x¤è¡vªº¦è¯Z¤ú¤å PostgreSQL ³q«H½×¾Â¡C­n­q¾\ªº¸Ü¡A¥ÎªÌ»Ý¹q¶l¦Ü¡J <itemize> <item> <htmlurl url="mailto:majordomo@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx" name="majordomo@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx"> </itemize> °T®§ªº¥¿¤å¥u¥i¦³¤@¦æ inscripcion pgsql-ayuda <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* <chapt>¤å¥ó©M°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ --> <sect>¤å¥ó©M°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ <p> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ¥Î¤á«ü¤Þ©M»¡©ú®Ñ <p> PostgreSQL µo¦æª©¥»¤¤¤w¥]¬A¥H¤U¦U¶µªº postscript¡BHTML ®æ¦¡ ©M unix man-pages¡C¥¦­Ì¦b /usr/doc/postgresql* ¥Ø¿ý¤¤¡C¦pªG§A¯à¤Wºô¡A §A¥i¦b¥H¤U¦a¤è§ä¨ì¤U¦C¤å¥ó¡J <url url="http://www.postgresql.org/docs"> <itemize> <item> "Installation Guide" <item> "User Guide" for PostgreSQL <item> "Implementation Guide" ¸Ô²Ó»¡©ú PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®wªº¤º³¡¹B§@ <item> ½u¤W»¡©ú®Ñ <item> HTML ®æ¦¡ªº½u¤W»¡©ú®Ñ <item> Postscript ®æ¦¡ªº½u¤W»¡©ú®Ñ¡A¥Î¥H¦C¦L </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ½u¤W¤å¥ó <p> <itemize> <item> ¤º«Ø¸ê®Æ«¬ºA©M¹Bºâ¤¸ªº¦W³æ©M¸Ñ»¡ <tscreen><verb> A ¬O§_ PSQL «ü¥Oªº¤@³¡¤À </verb></tscreen> <item> ¤ä´©ªº SQL ÃöÁä¦r¦W³æ <tscreen><verb> ¦b·½µ{¦¡ /tools ¥Ø¿ý¤¤¦³¤@­Ó©R¥O½Z (script) </verb></tscreen> <item> ¤ä´©ªº¥y»y¦W³æ <tscreen><verb> ¨Ï¥Î psql \h «ü¥O </verb></tscreen> <item> PostgreSQL ªº°ò¥»ªºÃöÁp¦¡¸ê®Æ®w·§©À¡]¹ê¬I¤èªk¡^©M¼Æ­Ó½u¤W¨Ò¤l¡]¬d¸ß¡^ <tscreen><verb> ¬Ý src/test ¤¤ªº regression ´ú¸Õ¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM">¡C§A·|§ä¨ì regress/sql ©M suite/*.sql ¥Ø¿ý¡C </verb></tscreen> <item> PostgreSQL «ü¾É <tscreen><verb> SQL «ü¾É½Z¥ó¦b src/tutorial ¥Ø¿ý¤¤ </verb></tscreen> ¤]½Ð°Ñ¾\¥»¤å¥óªþ¿ý¤A <ref name="ªþ¿ý¤A" id="Appendix B"> ªº¡§ªì¾ÇªÌ SQL «ü¾É¡¨¡C </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ¦³¥Îªº°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ <p> <itemize> <item> "Understanding the New SQL: A Complete Guide" - Jim Melton ©M Alan R.Simon µÛ <tscreen><verb> Morgan Kaufman Publisher ¬O¨ä¤¤¤@¥»³Ì¦nªº SQL ®Ñ¡C³o¥»®Ñ¥H SQL92 ¬°·Ç¡C </verb></tscreen> <item> "A Guide to THE SQL STANDARD" - C.J.Date µÛ <tscreen><verb> Addison-Wesley Publishing company ¤]¬O¤@¥»¦n®Ñ¡C¦³Ãö SQL ªº¦W§@¡C </verb></tscreen> <item>SQL - The Standard Handbook, ¤@¤E¤E¤G¦~¤Q¤@¤ë <tscreen><verb> Stephen Cannan ©M Gerard Otten McGraw-Hill Book Company Europe , Berkshire, SL6 2QL, England </verb></tscreen> <item>SQL Instant Reference, 1993 <tscreen><verb> Martin Gruber, Technical Editor: Joe Celko SYBEX Inc. 2021 Challenger Drive Alameda, CA 94501 </verb></tscreen> <item> C.J.Date, "An introduction to Database Systems" (²Ä¤»ª©), Addison-Wesley, 1995, ISBN 0-201-82458-2 <tscreen><verb> ³o¥»¬O¸ê®Æ®wºÞ²z¨t²Îªº¸t¸g¡C³o¥»®Ñ¸Ô²Ó»¡©ú¥¿³W¤Æ (normalization)¡BSQL¡B«ì´_ (recovery)¡B¨Ã¦æ©Ê (concurrency)¡B«O¦w¡B¾ã¦X©Ê (integrity)¡B ¹ï­ì¥»ªºÃöÁp¼Ò¦¡ªº©µ¦ù¡B²{¤µªº¸ÜÃD¦p¥D±q¨t²Î©Mª«¥ó¾É¦V¼Ò¦¡¡C ¤]¥]¬A¤j¶q°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¥H¨Ñ²`¤J¬ã¨s¡C¦V¤j³¡¤À¥Î¤á±ÀÂË¡C </verb></tscreen> <item> Stefan Stanczyk, "Theory and Practice of Relational Databases", UCL Press Ltd, 1990, ISBN 1-857-28232-9 <tscreen><verb> ³o¥»®Ñ¸Ô²Ó»¡©úÃöÁp¦¡¸ê®Æ®w¡BÃö«Y¥N¼Æ (relational algebra)¡BÃö«Yºtºâ (calculus) ©M¥¿³W¤Æªº²z½×¡C¦ý¥¦¤£¥]§t²{¹ê¥@¬Éªº°ÝÃD©M¸û½ÆÂøªº¨Ò¤l¡C¦V¤j³¡¤À¥Î¤á±ÀÂË¡C </verb></tscreen> <item>"The Practical SQL Handbook" ²Ä¤Tª©¡A Addison Wesley Developers Press ISBN 0-201-44787-8 <tscreen><verb> ¦V¤j³¡¤À¥Î¤á±ÀÂË¡C </verb></tscreen> <item> Michael Stonebraker, "Readings in Database Systems", Morgan Kaufmann, 1988, ISBN 0-934613-65-6 <tscreen><verb> ³o¬O¹L¥h¼Æ¦~¦³Ãö¸ê®Æ®wªº½×¤å¶°¡C¥¦¤£¬Oµ¹¤@¯ë¥ÎªÌ¬Ý¡A¦Ó¬O¶i¶¥ªº¾Ç¥Í¡]¬ã¨s¥Í¡^ ©Î¸ê®Æ®w¶}µo¤H­û¡C </verb></tscreen> <item> C.J.Date, "Relational Database - Selected Readings", Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-14196-5 <tscreen><verb> ³o¬O¹L¥h¼Æ¦~¦³Ãö¸ê®Æ®wªº½×¤å¶°¡C¥¦¤£¬Oµ¹¤@¯ë¥ÎªÌ¬Ý¡A¦Ó¬O¶i¶¥ªº¾Ç¥Í¡]¬ã¨s¥Í¡^ ©Î¸ê®Æ®w¶}µo¤H­û¡C </verb></tscreen> <item> Nick Ryan ©M Dan Smith, "Database Systems Engineering", International Thomson Computer Press, 1995, ISBN 1-85032-115-9 <tscreen><verb> ³o¥»®Ñ²`¤J»¡©ú¦s¨ú¤èªk©MÀx¦s§Þ¦Ò¡C </verb></tscreen> <item> Bipin C. Desai, "An introduction to Database Systems", West Publishing Co., 1990, ISBN 0-314-66771-7 <tscreen><verb> ¥¦¤£¬Oµ¹¤@¯ë¥ÎªÌ¬Ý¡A¦Ó¬O¶i¶¥ªº¾Ç¥Í¡]¬ã¨s¥Í¡^©Î¸ê®Æ®w¶}µo¤H­û¡C </verb></tscreen> <item> Joe Celko "INSTANT SQL Programming" <tscreen><verb> Wrox Press Ltd. Unit 16, 20 James Road, Tyseley Birmingham, B11 2BA, England 1995 </verb></tscreen> <item> Michael Gorman "Database Management Systems: Understanding and Applying Database" <tscreen><verb> Technology QED and John Wiley 1991 </verb></tscreen> <item> Michael Gorman "Enterprise Database for a Client/Server Environment" QED and John Wiley <tscreen><verb> »¡©ú«Ø¥ß¸g¥Ñ repository metamodels ªº¥D±q¸ê®Æ®wÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº­n¨D©M ANSI ¼Ð·Ç SQL 1993 ªºÀ³¥Î¡C </verb></tscreen> </itemize> ÁÙ¦³¼Æ¥H¦Ê­p¦³Ãö SQL ªº®Ñ¡I¨ì®Ñ©±¬Ý¬Ý§a¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ANSI/ISO SQL ³W®æ¤å¥ó¡XSQL 1992, SQL 1998 <p> ANSI/ISO SQL ³W®æ¤å¥ó¥i¦b¤U¦Cºô¯¸§ä¨ì¡J <itemize> <item> <url url="http://www.naiua.org/std-orgs.html"> <item> <url url="http://www.ansi.org/docs"> ´w°ÊÀÉ®× cat_c.html ¤Î´M§ä¡§Database SQL¡¨¡C <item> SQL92 ¼Ð·Ç <url url="http://www.jcc.com"> ´w°ÊÀÉ®× sql_stnd.html¡C <item> ANSI/ISO SQL ³W®æ <url url="http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~shadow/sql.html"> §A·|¦b¦¹§ä¨ì SQL ªº°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡C </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ANSI/ISO SQL 1992 ªº»yªk <p> ½Ð°Ñ¾\¥»¤å¥óªºªþ¿ý¥Ò <ref name="ªþ¿ý¥Ò" id="Appendix A"> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ANSI/ISO SQL 1998 ªº»yªk <p> SQL 1998 (SQL 3) ³W®æ¤´¦b¶}µo¤¤¡C°Ñ¬Ý¥»¤å¥óªº¡§¹q¤l³~®|¨ú±o SQL3 ¯ó®×¡¨ <ref id="SQL 1998"> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ªì¾ÇªÌ SQL ¾É¤Þ <p> °Ñ¬Ý¥»¤åªþ¿ý¤A <ref id="Appendix B"> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> SQL92 ªº®ÉºA©µ¦ù (Temporal Extension) <p> <itemize> <item>SQL92 ªº®ÉºA©µ¦ùªº¤å¥ó <url url="ftp://FTP.cs.arizona.edu/tsql/tsql2/"> <item>Temporal SQL-3 ³W®æ <url url="ftp://FTP.cs.arizona.edu/tsql/tsql2/sql3/"> </itemize> ³o¥Ø¿ý¤¤¥]¬A¤@­Ó SQL-92 »y¨¥³W®æªº®ÉºA©µ¦ù¡C³oºØ·s»y¨¥³Q¦W¬° TSQL2¡C ³o¸Ìªº»y¨¥³W®æ¬O³o»y¨¥ªº³Ì²×ª©¥»¡C ¥iª½±µÁpµ¸ TSQL2 ³]­p©e­û·|ªº¥D®u¡JRichard T.Snodgrass, Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, <itemize> <item> <htmlurl url="mailto:rts@cs.arizona.edu" name="rts@cs.arizona.edu"> </itemize> TSQL2 Language Design Committee ªº¹q¶l¦a§}©M¤J·|¸Ô±¡¥i¦b»y¨¥³W®æ³Ì«áªº ¤@³¹§ä¨ì¡C ³o¥Ø¿ý¤¤ªº¤º®e¦p¤U¡C spec.dvi,.ps TSQL2 »y¨¥³W®æ¡A¤@¤E¤E¥|¦~¤E¤ë¥Xª© bookspec.ps TSQL2 »y¨¥³W®æ¡A¤º®e¦p¦b TSQL2 ªº®Ñ¯ë¡A¤@¤E¤E¤­¦~¤Q¤ë ¥Xª©¡]½Ð°Ñ¾\¤U¤å¡^ sql3 ´£¥æµ¹ ANSI ©M ISO SQL3 Äw©e·|ªº­×­q«Øij ©M»y¨¥³W®æ¤@°_¡A³o¸ÌÁÙ¦¬¶°¤F¤@¨Ç¦³Ãö³]­p¤Wªº¨M©wªºµû½×¡B´£¨Ñ¨Ò¤l¡B ©M¬ã¨s¦p¦ó¹ê½î³o»y¨¥¡C³o¨Çµû½×­ì¥»¬Oµ¹ TSQL2 Language Design Committee ªº«Øij¡C¥¦­Ì²{¦b¦³¥t¤@­Ó¥Î³B¡J´£¨Ñ¦³Ãö TSQL2 ºc³yªº¨Ò¤l¡B ±À°Ê³]­p®É§@¥Xªº¤j¶q¨M©w¡B¤ñ¸û TSQL2 ©M¹L¥h¤Q¤­¦~¦³¤H´£Ä³¹Lªº¤j¶q»y¨¥¡C ¥²¶·±j½Õ¡A½Ð¨Çµû½×¥Ø«e¤£¬O TSQL2 »y¨¥³W®æªº¤@³¡¤À¡A¦Ó¬O¹ï¥¦ªº¸É¥R©Mµo®i¡C ³o»y¨¥³W®æ¤w¬O TSQL2 ªº³Ì²×¨M©w¡C ³o¨Çµû½×¡A¥[¤W»y¨¥³W®æ¡B¼Æ­Ó¯Á¤Þ©M¨ä¥L¤ä´©§÷®Æ¡A¤w¸g¶°µ²¦¨®Ñ¡J Snodgrass, R.T., editor, The TSQL2 Temporal Query Language, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995, 674+xxiv ­¶¡C ®Ñ¤¤¦³¤@­Ó¸`¿ý¤Fªºµû»ù¡A§¹¾ãªºµû»ù¦b¦¹¥Ø¿ý¤¤ªº eval.ps ´£¨Ñ¡C tl2tsql2.pl ÀɬO¤@­Ó§âÀò±µ¨üªº®ÉºAÅÞ¿è (temporal logic) ½Ķ¬° TSQL2 ªº prolog µ{¦¡¡C³oµ{¦¡¥Ñ Michael Boehlen ¼g¦¨¡C <itemize> <item> <htmlurl url="mailto:boehlen@iesd.auc.dk" name="boehlen@iesd.auc.dk"> </itemize> ¦U¦ì¥i±µÄ²¥L¥H¨ú±o¤@¥÷¸ÑÄÀ³o½Ķ¹Lµ{ªº½×¤å¡C³o¬O³oµ{¦¡ªºÂª©¥»¡C·sª©¥»¦b <itemize> <item> <url url="http://www.cs.auc.dk/general/DBS/tdb/TimeCenter/Software"> </itemize> (the TimeDB and Tiger systems). <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ²Ä¹s³¡¤À¡X¨ú±o ISO/ANSI SQL ¤å¥ó <label id="SQL 1998"> <p> ³o¤å³¹»¡©ú¦p¦ó¡]¦Xªk¦a¡^¨ú±o¤@¥÷ SQL-92 ¼Ð·Ç©M«ç¼Ë¨ú±o¤@¥÷¡§²{®Éªº¡¨SQL3 ¯ó®×¡C ³o¼Ð·Çª©Åv©Ò¦³¡A ANSI ¼Ð·Çªº«ù¦³¤H¬° ANSI¡AISO ¼Ð·Çªº«ù¦³¤H¬° ISO¡C ²{®É¦³¨â¡]2¡^­Ó SQL ¼Ð·Ç¡A¤À§O¥Ñ ANSI ©M ISO ¥Xª©¡C³o¨â¥÷¼Ð·Ç¨C­Ó¦r³£¤@¼Ò¤@¼Ë¡A °£¤F¤@¨Ç¤p¸`¡A¦p¤å¥ó¼ÐÃD¡B­¶­º¡Bµu¥y¡§International Standard¡¨©M¡§American Standard¡¨¤§Ãþ¡C ÁʶR SQL-92 ¼Ð·Ç The ISO standard, ISO/IEC 9075:1992, Information Technology - 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Remote system type is UNIX. <¤°»ò¤]¨S©Ò¿×> Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> cd pub/standards/sql 250 CWD command successful. ftp> dir 200 PORT command successful. 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls. total 9529 -r--r--r-- 1 root system 357782 Feb 25 10:18 x3h2-93-081.ps -r--r--r-- 1 root system 158782 Feb 25 10:19 x3h2-93-081.txt -r--r--r-- 1 root system 195202 Feb 25 10:20 x3h2-93-082.ps -r--r--r-- 1 root system 90900 Feb 25 10:20 x3h2-93-082.txt -r--r--r-- 1 root system 5856284 Feb 25 09:55 x3h2-93-091.ps -r--r--r-- 1 root system 3043687 Feb 25 09:57 x3h2-93-091.txt 226 Transfer complete. ftp> type binary 200 Type set to I. ftp> get x3h2-93-082.txt 200 PORT command successful. 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for x3h2-93-082.txt (90900 bytes). 226 Transfer complete. 90900 bytes received in 0.53 seconds (166.11 Kbytes/s) ftp> quit % <³oÀɮפw¦¨¬°§Aªº¹q¸£¤¤ªº x3h2-93-082.txt> </verb></tscreen> ¨S¦³ ftp ¤ä´©ªº±¡ªp¤U¨ú±oÀÉ®× Digital Equipment Corporation 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²Ä¤C³¡¤À¡X®ÉºA ISO/ANSI SQL <p> ®ÉºA SQL ³B²z©M®É¶¡¦³Ãöªº¸ê®Æ¡C¨ä·§©À¬O¦b¬d¸ß¸ê®Æ®É§Q¥Î¥¦¦b¤@­Ó¯S©w®É¶¡ªº±¡ªp¡C ®ÉºA SQL ¬O¤@¥÷¥Ñ Rick Snodgrass ¦b¤@¤E¤E¥|¦~¤Q¤G¤ë©Ò¼g¡A´y­z³o·§©Àªº¤å¥ó¡C X3 «Å§G½T»{¤@­Ó·s­p¹º¡AISO/IEC 9075 Part 7: SQL/Temporal ¬O¤@¥÷Ãö©ó SQL/Temporal ªº·s»D½Z <tscreen><verb> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Temporal SQL ************ Rick Snodgrass¡]TSQL2 ©e­û·|¥D®u¡^ 31-Dec-1994 </verb></tscreen> ¦³¤H½èºÃ¹L SQL 3 ¹ïªþ¥[®É¶¡¤ä´©ªº°ÝÃD¡]¦p¦b DBL R10-75 ´£Ä³¡A­n¨D SQL ¦³·sªº³¡¤À¨Ó³B²z®É¶¡©Êªº¸ê®Æ®w¡^¡C¨ä½×ÂI¬O©â¶H¸ê®Æ§ÎºA (ADT's) ¨¬¥H¤ä´©®ÉºA¡C ¦b³o¸ê°T©Êªº¶µ¥Ø¡A§Ú¨Ï¥Î¨ãÅé¨Ò¤l¨Ó½×ÃÒ¾Ö¦³©â¶H¸ê®Æ§ÎºAªºÄæ¦ì¤£¯à³B²z®ÉºA¬d¸ß¡C ¯S§O¨Ó»¡¡A«Ü¦h®É¶¡©Êªº¬d¸ß¤£¬O«ÜÃø¥Î SQL ¼ÒÀÀ¡A´N¬O»Ý¦b¹Lµ{»y¨¥¤¤¨Ï¥Î´O¤J¦¡ SQL¡C¨ä¥L¿ï¾Ü¦b TSQL2¡A¤@­Ó¹ï SQL-92 ªº®ÉºA©µ¦ù¤¤´£¥X¤F¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect2>¾É¨¥ <p> ¦³®Ä®É¶¡ 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§ä´M¤@¦W¹µ­ûªº¥X¥Í¤é´Á­Ó´M§äÁ~ª÷Ãþ¦ü¡C <tscreen><verb> SELECT DateofBirth FROM Employee WHERE Name = 'Bob' </verb></tscreen> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect2>­Ó®×¬ã¨s¡XÀx¦s¾ú¥v¸ê®Æ <p>OAP ·Q§â¨ü¹µ¾ú¥v¹q¸£¤Æ¡C¬°¦¹¡A¥L­Ì¥[¤W¨âÄæ¡A ¤@Äæ«ü¥Xªí¥Ü¦¹¦æªº¸ê®Æ¦ó®É¶}©l¦³®Ä¡A¥t¤@«ü¥X¸ê®Æ¦ó®É¥¢®Ä¡C Employee (Name, Salary, Title, DateofBirth, Start DATE, Stop DATE) ¥H¸ê®Æ¼Ò«¬ (data model) »¡¡A³o¨Ç·sÄæ¦ì©M DateofBirth ²@µL¤À§O¡C¤£¹L¡A ¥¦­Ìªº¦s¦b²£¥Í¦hºØµ²ªG¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect2>­Ó®×¬ã¨s¡X§ë¬M (Projection) <p> ­n§ä¥X¹µ­û¥Ø«eªºÁ~ª÷·|¸û¬°§xÃø¡C <tscreen><verb> SELECT Salary FROM Employee WHERE Name = 'Bob' AND Start <= CURRENT_DATE AND CURRENT_DATE <= Stop </verb></tscreen> ³o¥y¬d¸ß¤ñ¤§«eªº½ÆÂø¡C¤¸¤¿«Ü©úÅã¬O·s¼Wªº¨âÄæ¡COAP ·Qµo¥XÁ~ª÷¾ú¥vµ¹¦U­û¤u¡C ¯S§O¦a¡A¦³»Ý­n§ä¥X¨C¤@¦W¹µ­û¦b¦¬¨ü¤@­ÓÁ~¹Sªº³Ìªø®É¶¡¡C¤£©¯¦a¡A¥Î SQL ¤£¯à°µ¨ì¡C¤@¦W¹µ­û¦bÁ~¹S½Õ¾ã´Á¶¡Â¾»Î¥i¦³¦h¦¸Åܧó¡C <tscreen><verb> Name Salary Title DateofBirth Start Stop ---- ------ ----- ----------- ----- ---- Bob 60000 Assistant Provost 1945-04-09 1993-01-01 1993-05-30 Bob 70000 Assistant Provost 1945-04-09 1993-06-01 1993-09-30 Bob 70000 Provost 1945-04-09 1993-10-01 1994-01-31 Bob 70000 Professor 1945-04-09 1994-02-01 1994-12-31 ¹Ï 1 </verb></tscreen> ­nª`·N¦³¤T¦æ Bob ªºÁ~ª÷°±¯d¦b $70,000¡C©Ò¥H¡Aµ²ªGÀ³¸Ó¬O Bob ¦³¨â¦æ¡C <tscreen><verb> Name Salary Start Stop ---- ------ ----- ---- Bob 60000 1993-01-01 1993-05-30 Bob 70000 1993-06-01 1994-12-31 </verb></tscreen> ¥t¤@¤èªk¬O§âÁ~ª÷©M¾¯Å¸ê®Æ¦Lµ¹¥ÎªÌ¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¥ÎªÌ§ä¥X¥LªºÁ~¹S¦ó®ÉÅܧó¡C ³o¤èªk¬J¤£§l¤Þ¡A¥ç¤£¹ê»Ú¡C¥t¤@¤èªk¬OºÉ¶q¨Ï¥Î SQL¡C <tscreen><verb> CREATE TABLE Temp(Salary, Start, Stop) AS SELECT Salary, Start, Stop FROM Employee; </verb></tscreen> repeat <tscreen><verb> UPDATE Temp T1 SET (T1.Stop) = (SELECT MAX(T2.Stop) FROM Temp AS T2 WHERE T1.Salary = T2.Salary AND T1.Start < T2.Start AND T1.Stop >= T2.Start AND T1.Stop < T2.Stop) WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Temp AS T2 WHERE T1.Salary = T2.Salary AND T1.Start < T2.Start AND T1.Stop >= T2.Start AND T1.Stop < T2.Stop) until no rows updated; DELETE FROM Temp T1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Temp AS T2 WHERE T1.Salary = T2.Salary AND ((T1.Start > T2.Start AND T1.Stop <= T2.Stop) OR (T1.Start >= T2.Start AND T1.Stop < T2.Stop)) </verb></tscreen> °j°é¤¤§ä¥X­«Å|©Î¬Û¾F¦Ó»Ý­n¦X¨Öªº®É¬q¡C¦b³ÌÃaªº±¡ªp¡A°j°é·|°õ¦æ log N ¦¸¡AN «ü¤@³s¦ê­«Å|©Î¬Û¾Fªº¦PÁ~ª÷¬ö¿ýªº¼Æ¶q¡CŪªÌ¥i¦Û¦æ¼ÒÀÀ¬d¸ß¦b¥H¤W¨Ò¤lªº°õ¦æ¡A ¥HÅçÃÒ¥¦ªº¥¿½T©Ê¡C ²Ä¤TºØ¤èªk¬O¨Ï¥Î SQL ¬°ªí®æ¶}±Ò¤@­Ó´å¼Ð (cursor)¡C¬°¨C­ÓÁ~ª÷ºÞ²z¤@­Ó¦U¬q¸¨ªºÃìªí (linked list)¡C³oÃìªí¶}©l®É»Ý¬°ªÅ¥Õ¡C <tscreen><verb> DECLARE emp_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT Salary, Title, Start, Stop FROM Employee; OPEN emp_cursor; loop: FETCH emp_cursor INTO :salary, :start, :stop; if no-data returned then goto finished; find position in linked list to insert this information; goto loop; finished: CLOSE emp_cursor; </verb></tscreen> ­«ÂЦÜÃìªíµ²§ô¡A¦L¥X¤é´Á©MÁ~ª÷¡C ¦pªG´å¼Ð¬O ORDER BY Start¡AÃìªí¨Ã«D¥²­n¡C µL½×¦p¦ó¡A¤@¥y²³æªº¬d¸ß¬O¤£©ö¥Î SQL-92 ªº¥\¯àªí¹F¥X³o¥Øªº¡C¨Ï¥Î TSQL2 ªº¸Ü³o¬d¸ß·|«Ü²³æ¡C <tscreen><verb> SELECT Salary FROM Employee </verb></tscreen> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect2>®×¨Ò¬ã¨s¡X³sµ² (JOIN) <p> ¤@­Ó§ó¿E¶iªº¤èªk¬O§âºõ¥Ø­«¾ã¡A§âÁ~ª÷¡B¾¯Å¡B¥X¥Í¤é´Á¸ê®Æ¤À¶}¡A ±q¦ÓÁ׶}©â¨úÁ~¹S¾ú¥v®É¹J¨ìªº°ÝÃD¡C¡]¬°¤è«K­p¡A§Ú­Ì¥H«áªº°Q½×¤¤¤£¦A¦Ò¼{¥X¥Í¤é´Á¡C¡^ <tscreen><verb> Employee1 (Name, Salary, Start DATE, Stop DATE) Employee2 (Name, Title, Start DATE, Stop DATE) </verb></tscreen> Employee1 ªí®æ¦p¤U¡J <tscreen><verb> Name Salary Start Stop ---- ------ ----- ---- Bob 60000 1993-01-01 1993-05-30 Bob 70000 1993-06-01 1993-12-31 </verb></tscreen> ³o¬O Employee2 ªí®æ¡C <tscreen><verb> Name Title Start Stop ---- ------ ----- ---- Bob Assistant Provost 1993-01-01 1993-09-30 Bob Provost 1993-10-01 1994-01-31 Bob Professor 1994-02-01 1994-12-31 </verb></tscreen> §ïÅܤ§«á¡A¨ú±o¹µ­ûÁ~ª÷¸ê®ÆÅܱo²³æ¡C <tscreen><verb> SELECT Salary, Start, Stop FROM Employee1 WHERE Name = 'Bob' </verb></tscreen> ¦ý¦pªG OAP ·Q¤@­Óªí®æ¤¤¥]¬AÁ~ª÷¡B¾¦ìªº®É¬q¡]§Y OAP ·Q¤@­Ó¹³¹Ï 1 §Î¦¡ªºªí®æ¡^¡H¤@­Ó¤èªk¬O¦L¥X¨â­Óªí®æ¡A¦ÓÅý¥ÎªÌ§ä¥X¦³Ãö²Õ¦X¡C¥t¤@¤èªk¬O§¹¥þ¨Ï¥Î SQL¡C¤£©¯¦a¡A³o¬d¸ß­n¤ÀªR Employee1 ¨C¦æ©M Employee2 ªº­«Å|±¡ªp¡A¦³¥|ºØ¥i¯à¥X²{¡C <tscreen><verb> SELECT Employee1.Name, Salary, Dept, Employee1.Start, Employee1.Stop FROM Employee1, Employee2 WHERE Employee1.Name = Employee2.Name AND Employee2.Start <= Employee1.Start AND Employee1.Stop < Employee2.Stop UNION SELECT Employee1.Name, Salary, Dept, Employee1.Start, Employee2.Stop FROM Employee1, Employee2 WHERE Employee1.Name = Employee2.Name AND Employee1.Start >= Employee2.Start AND Employee2.Stop < Employee1.Stop AND Employee1.Start < Employee2.Stop UNION SELECT Employee1.Name, Salary, Dept, Employee2.Start, Employee1.Stop FROM Employee1, Employee2 WHERE Employee1.Name = Employee2.Name AND Employee2.Start > Employee1.Start AND Employee1.Stop < Employee2.Stop AND Employee2.Start < Employee1.Stop UNION SELECT Employee1.Name, Salary, Dept, Employee2.Start, Employee2.Stop FROM Employee1, Employee2 WHERE Employee1.Name = Employee2.Name AND Employee2.Start > Employee1.Start AND Employee2.Stop < Employee1.Stop </verb></tscreen> ¥¿½T§ä¥X©Ò¦³±¡§Î¬O¤@¥ó¨ã¬D¾Ô©Êªº¤u§@¡C¨Ï¥Î TSQL2¡A¶i¦æ¤@­Ó¨ã®ÉºAªº³sµ²´N¦p¤H­Ì©Ò´Á±æ¡C <tscreen><verb> SELECT Employee1.Name, Salary, Dept FROM Employee1, Employee2 WHERE Employee1.Name = Employee2.Name </verb></tscreen> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect2>­Ó®×¬ã¨s¡X»E¶° (AGGREGATES) <p> ²{¦b OAP ³Q°Ý¤Î³Ì°ªÁ~¹S¬O¤°»ò¡H¥[¤W®É¶¡«e¡A³o«Ü²³æ¡C <tscreen><verb> SELECT MAX(Salary) FROM Employee </verb></tscreen> ²{¦b¥[¤W¤FÁ~ª÷¾ú¥v¡A§Ú­Ì­n§ä¥X¤£¦P®É¶¡³Ì°ªÁ~ª÷ªº¾ú¥v¡C°ÝÃD·íµM¬O SQL ¨Ã¤£´£¨Ñ¨ã®ÉºAªº»E¶°¡C²³æªº¤èªk¬O¦L¥X¦³Ãö¸ê®Æ¡A¥Î¤H¤â§ä¥X³Ì¤j­È¡C ¥t¤@­Ó¤èªk¬O¨ú¥©¡A§â¤@­Ó·í®Éªº (snapshot) »E¶°¬d¸ßÂà¤Æ¬°¤£¨Ï¥Î»E¶°ªº¬d¸ß¡A ¦AÂà¤Æ¬°®ÉºA»E¶°¡C¨º­Ó¤£¨Ï¥Î»E¶°ªº¬d¸ß¥Î©ó§ä¥X¤£¤j©ó¥¦¥»¨­¼Æ­ÈªºÁ~ª÷¡C <tscreen><verb> SELECT Salary FROM Employee AS E1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Employee AS E2 WHERE E2.Salary > E1.Salary) </verb></tscreen> §â³o­Ó¬d¸ßÅܬ°®ÉºA¬d¸ß¨Ã¤£Åã²L¡C¥H¤U¬O¤@ºØ¤èªk¡C <tscreen><verb> CREATE TABLE Temp (Salary, Start, Stop) AS SELECT Salary, Start, Stop FROM Employee; INSERT INTO Temp SELECT T.Salary, T.Start, E.Start FROM Temp AS T, Employee AS E WHERE E.Start >= T.Start AND E.Start < T.Stop AND E.Salary > T.Salary; INSERT INTO Temp SELECT T.Salary, T.Stop, E.Stop FROM Temp AS T, Employee AS E WHERE E.Stop > T.Start AND E.Stop <= T.Stop AND E.Salary > T.Salary; DELETE FROM Temp T WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Employee AS E WHERE ((T.Start => E.Start AND T.Start < E.Stop) OR (E.Start >= T.Start AND E.Start < T.Stop)) AND E.Salary > T.Salary; </verb></tscreen> ³o¤èªk«Ø¥ß»²§Uªí®æ¡C§Ú­Ì¦b³o­Óªí®æ¤¤¥[¤W¨â­Ó®É¬q¤¤­«Å|³¡¤Àªº¤W¡B¤U³¡¤À¡C ¤§«á§Ú­Ì§â©Ò¦³¤l¬d¸ß¤¤§ä¥Xªº¬ö¿ý§R°£¡A¦]¦¹¼vÅT¨ì NOT EXISTS¡C³Ì«á§Ú­Ì±q»²§Uªí®æ¤¤§ä¥X³Ìªøªº®É¬q¡A¹³¤§«e§Ú­Ì§ä¥XÁ~ª÷¸ê°T¯ë¡C ¦p¤j®a©Ò®Æ¡A³o¼Ëªº SQL ¥y¤l°õ¦æ®É®Ä²v«D±`§C¡A¦]¬°¨º¨Ç½ÆÂøªº±_ª¬¤£µ¥¬d¸ß¡C ²Ä¤T­Ó¤èªk¬OºÉ¶q¤Ö¥Î SQL¡A¦Ó¦b¥D¾÷¤W©Ò¥Îªº»y¨¥¤¤¥Î´å¼Ð§ä¥X³Ìªøªº¾ú¥v¡C ¨Ï¥Î TSQL2 ¦A¦¸Â²³æª½±µ¡C <tscreen><verb> SELECT MAX(Salary) FROM Employee </verb></tscreen> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect2>ºK­n <p> ¤j³¡¤À¸ê®Æ®wÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡³£»Ý­n³B²zÀH®É¶¡§ïÅܪº¸ê®Æ¡C¦³®Ä®É¶¡¦b SQL ¨Ã¤£¤ä´©¡C«Ü¦h®ÉºA¬d¸ß¤£¬O«ÜÃø¥H SQL ¼ÒÀÀ¡A´N¬O»Ý­n§â SQL ´O¤J¨ìµ{§Ç»y¨¥¤¤¡A¦]¬° SQL ¦b¸ê®Æ¼Ò«¬©M¬d¸ß»y¨¥µ²ºc¤¤¯Ê¥F¹ï¦³®Ä®É¶¡ªº¤ä´©¡C ¥t¤@¤è­±¡A§Ú­Ì¥Ü½d¥X¥[¤W¦³®Ä®É¶¡¤ä´©»Ý­n¹ï DBMS ¬I¦æ§@¥X¤@¨Ç§ïÅÜ¡A ¦ý¯àÀ¸¼@©Ê¦a²¤Æ¤@¨Ç¬d¸ß¡A¨Ã¨Ï¨ä¥L¬d¸ßÅܱo¦³¥i¯à¡C±N¨Ó¤]¥i©óÀx¦sµ²ºc¡B 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<tscreen><verb> Chairman of X3H2, Dr. Donald R. Deutsch, Sybase, Inc., Suite 800, 6550 Rock Spring Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817. Email: deutsch@sybase.com. </verb></tscreen> ²{¥¿´M¨D¥i¯àªº±M§Q©M¨ä¥L«ê·íªº¨Æ¶µ¡]ª©Åv¡B°Ó¼Ð¡^¡C³o§â¦³Ãö¸ê®Æ±H¥æ¡J <tscreen><verb> X3 Secretariat at 1250 Eye Street NW, Suite 200, Washington DC 20005. Email: x3sec@itic.nw.dc.us FAX: (202)638-4922. </verb></tscreen> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ²Ä¤K³¡¤À¡XISO/ANSI SQL ¦h´CÅé (SQL/MM) <p> ¤@­Ó¬°«Ø¥ß¥Î©ó¦h´CÅéÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº SQL ª«¥ó¨ç¦¡®wªº·s ISO/IEC °ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç¤Æ­p¹º¦b¤@¤E¤E¤T¦~ªì´ÁÀò§å·Ç¶i¦æ¡C³o­Ó·s¼Ð·Ç¤Æ¦æ°Ê¦W¬° SQL Multimedia (SQL/MM)¡A¥¦·|¥Î¯óÀÀ¤¤ªº SQL3 ³W®æ¤¤ªº©â¶H¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡]ADT¡^³W®æ©M¥Ø¼Ð«ü©w SQL ADT ©w¸q®M¥ó¡C SQL/MM ¥Ø¼Ð¬°¼Ð·Ç¤Æ¬ì¾Ç©M¤uµ{¡B¥þ¤å©M¤å¥ó³B²z¡BºÞ²z¦h´CÅ骫¥ó¡A¦p¼v¹³¡BÁn­µ¡B °Êµe¡B­µ¼Ö©M¿ý¹³ªºª«¥ó¨ç¼Æ®w¡C¥¦¦h¼Æ·|´£¥X¤@ºØ¥Î©ó¨ä¥L JTC1 ¼Ð·Ç²Õ´¡]¦p¦³Ãö¤å¥óªº SC18¡B¼v¹³ªº SC24¡B·Ó¤ù©M°Ê§@¹Ï¹³ªº SC29¡^©w¸qªºª«¥óªº SQL »y¨¥µ²¦X (binding)¡C SQL/MM ªº±M®×­p¹º«ü¥X¥¦·|¦¨¬°¤@¥÷¦h³¡¤À¼Ð·Ç¡A¥]§t¤£©w¼Æ¶qªº³¡¤À¡C ²Ä¤@³¡¤À·|¬O¨ä¥L³¡¤À¦p¦ó«Ø¦¨ªº®Ø¬[¡C¨ä¥L¨C­Ó³¡¤À·|±Mª`©ó¤@­Ó¯S©wªº SQL À³¥Îµ{¦¡®M¥ó¡C¥H¤U¬°¤@¤E¤E¥|¦~¤K¤ë¦s¦bªº SQL/MM ³¡¤À¡J <itemize> <item> Part 1: Framework A non-technical description of how the document is structured. <item> Part 2: Full Text Methods and ADTs for text data processing. About 45 pages. <item> Part 3: Spatial Methods and ADTs for spatial data management. About 200 pages with active contributions from Spatial Data experts from 3 national bodies. <item> Part 4: General Purpose Methods and ADTs for complex numbers, Facilities include trig and exponential functions, vectors, sets, etc. Currently about 90 pages. </itemize> ¦³¦h­Ó¦³ÃöªÅ¶¡©M¦a²z¸ê®Æªº¼Ð·Ç¤Æªº¤u§@¦b¶i¦æ¤¤¡J <itemize> <item> ANSI X3L1 - Geographic Information Systems. 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It is your responsibility to read and understand the copyright notices of the organisations/companies/products/authors mentioned in this document before using their respective information. <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <appendix> <!-- *********************************************************** ********************** ªþ¿ý³¹¸`¶}©l *********************** *********************************************************** <chapt>ªþ¿ý¥Ò¡XANSI/ISO SQL 1992 »yªk <label id="Appendix A"> --> <sect>ªþ¿ý¥Ò¡XANSI/ISO SQL 1992 »yªk <label id="Appendix A"> <p> ³oÀɮפ¤¥]¬A³o»y¨¥ªº BNF ¥H²`«×¬°¥ýªº¾ðª¬¼Ò±½ (depth-first tree traversal)¡A¤j¬ù¦b 27-AUG-1992 11:03:41.64 §¹¦¨¡C³o­Ó¯S©wª©¥»©Ò¥Îªº BNF ¬O¥u¥Î ANSI ©M SQL2 ªº¡C <tscreen><verb> <SQL terminal character> ::= <SQL language character> | <SQL embedded language character> <SQL language character> ::= <simple Latin letter> | <digit> | <SQL special character> <simple Latin letter> ::= <simple Latin upper case letter> | <simple Latin lower case letter> <simple Latin upper case letter> ::= A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z <simple Latin lower case letter> ::= a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z <digit> ::= 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 <SQL special character> ::= <space> | <double quote> | <percent> | <ampersand> | <quote> | <left paren> | <right paren> | <asterisk> | <plus sign> | <comma> | <minus sign> | <period> | <solidus> | <colon> | <semicolon> | <less than operator> | <equals operator> | <greater than operator> | <question mark> | <underscore> | <vertical bar> <space> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]¨Ï¥Î¤¤ªº¦r¶°©Ò¥ÎªºªÅ¥Õ¦r¤¸¡^ <double quote> ::= " <percent> ::= % <ampersand> ::= & <quote> ::= ' <left paren> ::= ( <right paren> ::= ) <asterisk> ::= * <plus sign> ::= + <comma> ::= , <minus sign> ::= - <period> ::= . <solidus> ::= / <colon> ::= : <semicolon> ::= ; <less than operator> ::= < <equals operator> ::= = <greater than operator> ::= > <question mark> ::= ? <underscore> ::= _ <vertical bar> ::= | <SQL embedded language character> ::= <left bracket> | <right bracket> <left bracket> ::= [ <right bracket> ::= ] <token> ::= <nondelimiter token> | <delimiter token> <nondelimiter token> ::= <regular identifier> | <key word> | <unsigned numeric literal> | <national character string literal> | <bit string literal> | <hex string literal> <regular identifier> ::= <identifier body> <identifier body> ::= <identifier start> [ ( <underscore> | <identifier part> )... ] <identifier start> ::= <EMPHASIS>¡]!! °Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^ <identifier part> ::= <identifier start> | <digit> <key word> ::= <reserved word> | <non-reserved word> <reserved word> ::= ABSOLUTE | ACTION | ADD | ALL | ALLOCATE | ALTER | AND | ANY | ARE | AS | ASC | ASSERTION | AT | AUTHORIZATION | AVG | BEGIN | BETWEEN | BIT | BIT_LENGTH | BOTH | BY | CASCADE | CASCADED | CASE | CAST | CATALOG | CHAR | CHARACTER | CHAR_LENGTH | CHARACTER_LENGTH | CHECK | CLOSE | COALESCE | COLLATE | COLLATION | COLUMN | COMMIT | CONNECT | CONNECTION | CONSTRAINT | CONSTRAINTS | CONTINUE | CONVERT | CORRESPONDING | COUNT | CREATE | CROSS | CURRENT | CURRENT_DATE | CURRENT_TIME | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | CURRENT_USER | CURSOR | DATE | DAY | DEALLOCATE | DEC | DECIMAL | DECLARE | DEFAULT | DEFERRABLE | DEFERRED | DELETE | DESC | DESCRIBE | DESCRIPTOR | DIAGNOSTICS | DISCONNECT | DISTINCT | DOMAIN | DOUBLE | DROP | ELSE | END | END-EXEC | ESCAPE | EXCEPT | EXCEPTION | EXEC | EXECUTE | EXISTS | EXTERNAL | EXTRACT | FALSE | FETCH | FIRST | FLOAT | FOR | FOREIGN | FOUND | FROM | FULL | GET | GLOBAL | GO | GOTO | GRANT | GROUP | HAVING | HOUR | IDENTITY | IMMEDIATE | IN | INDICATOR | INITIALLY | INNER | INPUT | INSENSITIVE | INSERT | INT | INTEGER | INTERSECT | INTERVAL | INTO | IS | ISOLATION | JOIN | KEY | LANGUAGE | LAST | LEADING | LEFT | LEVEL | LIKE | LOCAL | LOWER | MATCH | MAX | MIN | MINUTE | MODULE | MONTH | NAMES | NATIONAL | NATURAL | NCHAR | NEXT | NO | NOT | NULL | NULLIF | NUMERIC | OCTET_LENGTH | OF | ON | ONLY | OPEN | OPTION | OR | ORDER | OUTER | OUTPUT | OVERLAPS | PAD | PARTIAL | POSITION | PRECISION | PREPARE | PRESERVE | PRIMARY | PRIOR | PRIVILEGES | PROCEDURE | PUBLIC | READ | REAL | REFERENCES | RELATIVE | RESTRICT | REVOKE | RIGHT | ROLLBACK | ROWS | SCHEMA | SCROLL | SECOND | SECTION | SELECT | SESSION | SESSION_USER | SET | SIZE | SMALLINT | SOME | SPACE | SQL | SQLCODE | SQLERROR | SQLSTATE | SUBSTRING | SUM | SYSTEM_USER | TABLE | TEMPORARY | THEN | TIME | TIMESTAMP | TIMEZONE_HOUR | TIMEZONE_MINUTE | TO | TRAILING | TRANSACTION | TRANSLATE | TRANSLATION | TRIM | TRUE | UNION | UNIQUE | UNKNOWN | UPDATE | UPPER | USAGE | USER | USING | VALUE | VALUES | VARCHAR | VARYING | VIEW | WHEN | WHENEVER | WHERE | WITH | WORK | WRITE | YEAR | ZONE <non-reserved word> ::= ADA | C | CATALOG_NAME | CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA | CLASS_ORIGIN | COBOL | COLLATION_CATALOG | COLLATION_NAME | COLLATION_SCHEMA | COLUMN_NAME | COMMAND_FUNCTION | COMMITTED | CONDITION_NUMBER | CONNECTION_NAME | CONSTRAINT_CATALOG | CONSTRAINT_NAME | CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | CURSOR_NAME | DATA | DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE | DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION | DYNAMIC_FUNCTION | FORTRAN | LENGTH | MESSAGE_LENGTH | MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH | MESSAGE_TEXT | MORE | MUMPS | NAME | NULLABLE | NUMBER | PASCAL | PLI | REPEATABLE | RETURNED_LENGTH | RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH | RETURNED_SQLSTATE | ROW_COUNT | SCALE | SCHEMA_NAME | SERIALIZABLE | SERVER_NAME | SUBCLASS_ORIGIN | TABLE_NAME | TYPE | UNCOMMITTED | UNNAMED <unsigned numeric literal> ::= <exact numeric literal> | <approximate numeric literal> <exact numeric literal> ::= <unsigned integer> [ <period> [ <unsigned integer> ] ] | <period> <unsigned integer> <unsigned integer> ::= <digit>... <approximate numeric literal> ::= <mantissa> E <exponent> <mantissa> ::= <exact numeric literal> <exponent> ::= <signed integer> <signed integer> ::= [ <sign> ] <unsigned integer> <sign> ::= <plus sign> | <minus sign> <national character string literal> ::= N <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> [ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> )... ] <character representation> ::= <nonquote character> | <quote symbol> <nonquote character> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]!! °Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^ <quote symbol> ::= <quote><quote> <separator> ::= ( <comment> | <space> | <newline> )... <comment> ::= <comment introducer> [ <comment character>... ] <newline> <comment introducer> ::= <minus sign><minus sign>[<minus sign>...] <comment character> ::= <nonquote character> | <quote> <newline> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]¹ê½î¤èªk©w¸qªº¦æ¥½«ü¥Ü¡^ <bit string literal> ::= B <quote> [ <bit>... ] <quote> [ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <bit>... ] <quote> )... ] <bit> ::= 0 | 1 <hex string literal> ::= X <quote> [ <hexit>... ] <quote> [ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <hexit>... ] <quote> )... ] <hexit> ::= <digit> | A | B | C | D | E | F | a | b | c | d | e | f <delimiter token> ::= <character string literal> | <date string> | <time string> | <timestamp string> | <interval string> | <delimited identifier> | <SQL special character> | <not equals operator> | <greater than or equals operator> | <less than or equals operator> | <concatenation operator> | <double period> | <left bracket> | <right bracket> <character string literal> ::= [ <introducer><character set specification> ] <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> [ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> )... ] <introducer> ::= <underscore> <character set specification> ::= <standard character repertoire name> | <implementation-defined character repertoire name> | <user-defined character repertoire name> | <standard universal character form-of-use name> | <implementation-defined universal character form-of-use name> <standard character repertoire name> ::= <character set name> <character set name> ::= [ <schema name> <period> ] <SQL language identifier> <schema name> ::= [ <catalog name> <period> ] <unqualified schema name> <catalog name> ::= <identifier> <identifier> ::= [ <introducer><character set specification> ] <actual identifier> <actual identifier> ::= <regular identifier> | <delimited identifier> <delimited identifier> ::= <double quote> <delimited identifier body> <double quote> <delimited identifier body> ::= <delimited identifier part>... <delimited identifier part> ::= <nondoublequote character> | <doublequote symbol> <nondoublequote character> ::= <EMPHASIS>¡]!! °Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^ <doublequote symbol> ::= <double quote><double quote> <unqualified schema name> ::= <identifier> <SQL language identifier> ::= <SQL language identifier start> [ ( <underscore> | <SQL language identifier part> )... ] <SQL language identifier start> ::= <simple Latin letter> <SQL language identifier part> ::= <simple Latin letter> | <digit> <implementation-defined character repertoire name> ::= <character set name> <user-defined character repertoire name> ::= <character set name> <standard universal character form-of-use name> ::= <character set name> <implementation-defined universal character form-of-use name> ::= <character set name> <date string> ::= <quote> <date value> <quote> <date value> ::= <years value> <minus sign> <months value> <minus sign> <days value> <years value> ::= <datetime value> <datetime value> ::= <unsigned integer> <months value> ::= <datetime value> <days value> ::= <datetime value> <time string> ::= <quote> <time value> [ <time zone interval> ] <quote> <time value> ::= <hours value> <colon> <minutes value> <colon> <seconds value> <hours value> ::= <datetime value> <minutes value> ::= <datetime value> <seconds value> ::= <seconds integer value> [ <period> [ <seconds fraction> ] ] <seconds integer value> ::= <unsigned integer> <seconds fraction> ::= <unsigned integer> <time zone interval> ::= <sign> <hours value> <colon> <minutes value> <timestamp string> ::= <quote> <date value> <space> <time value> [ <time zone interval> ] <quote> <interval string> ::= <quote> ( <year-month literal> | <day-time literal> ) <quote> <year-month literal> ::= <years value> | [ <years value> <minus sign> ] <months value> <day-time literal> ::= <day-time interval> | <time interval> <day-time interval> ::= <days value> [ <space> <hours value> [ <colon> <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ] ] ] <time interval> ::= <hours value> [ <colon> <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ] ] | <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ] | <seconds value> <not equals operator> ::= <> <greater than or equals operator> ::= >= <less than or equals operator> ::= <= <concatenation operator> ::= || <double period> ::= .. <module> ::= <module name clause> <language clause> <module authorization clause> [ <temporary table declaration>... ] <module contents>... <module name clause> ::= MODULE [ <module name> ] [ <module character set specification> ] <module name> ::= <identifier> <module character set specification> ::= NAMES ARE <character set specification> <language clause> ::= LANGUAGE <language name> <language name> ::= ADA | C | COBOL | FORTRAN | MUMPS | PASCAL | PLI <module authorization clause> ::= SCHEMA <schema name> | AUTHORIZATION <module authorization identifier> | SCHEMA <schema name> AUTHORIZATION <module authorization identifier> <module authorization identifier> ::= <authorization identifier> <authorization identifier> ::= <identifier> <temporary table declaration> ::= DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE <qualified local table name> <table element list> [ ON COMMIT ( PRESERVE | DELETE ) ROWS ] <qualified local table name> ::= MODULE <period> <local table name> <local table name> ::= <qualified identifier> <qualified identifier> ::= <identifier> <table element list> ::= <left paren> <table element> [ ( <comma> <table element> )... ] <right paren> <table element> ::= <column definition> | <table constraint definition> <column definition> ::= <column name> ( <data type> | <domain name> ) [ <default clause> ] [ <column constraint definition>... ] [ <collate clause> ] <column name> ::= <identifier> <data type> ::= <character string type> [ CHARACTER SET <character set specification> ] | <national character string type> | <bit string type> | <numeric type> | <datetime type> | <interval type> <character string type> ::= CHARACTER [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] | CHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] | CHARACTER VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren> | CHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren> | VARCHAR <left paren> <length> <right paren> <length> ::= <unsigned integer> <national character string type> ::= NATIONAL CHARACTER [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] | NATIONAL CHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] | NCHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] | NATIONAL CHARACTER VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren> | NATIONAL CHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren> | NCHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren> <bit string type> ::= BIT [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] | BIT VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren> <numeric type> ::= <exact numeric type> | <approximate numeric type> <exact numeric type> ::= NUMERIC [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ] | DECIMAL [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ] | DEC [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ] | INTEGER | INT | SMALLINT <precision> ::= <unsigned integer> <scale> ::= <unsigned integer> <approximate numeric type> ::= FLOAT [ <left paren> <precision> <right paren> ] | REAL | DOUBLE PRECISION <datetime type> ::= DATE | TIME [ <left paren> <time precision> <right paren> ] [ WITH TIME ZONE ] | TIMESTAMP [ <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren> ] [ WITH TIME ZONE ] <time precision> ::= <time fractional seconds precision> <time fractional seconds precision> ::= <unsigned integer> <timestamp precision> ::= <time fractional seconds precision> <interval type> ::= INTERVAL <interval qualifier> <interval qualifier> ::= <start field> TO <end field> | <single datetime field> <start field> ::= <non-second datetime field> [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> <right paren> ] <non-second datetime field> ::= YEAR | MONTH | DAY | HOUR | MINUTE <interval leading field precision> ::= <unsigned integer> <end field> ::= <non-second datetime field> | SECOND [ <left paren> <interval fractional seconds precision> <right paren> ] <interval fractional seconds precision> ::= <unsigned integer> <single datetime field> ::= <non-second datetime field> [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> <right paren> ] | SECOND [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> [ <comma> <interval fractional seconds precision> ] <right paren> ] <domain name> ::= <qualified name> <qualified name> ::= [ <schema name> <period> ] <qualified identifier> <default clause> ::= DEFAULT <default option> <default option> ::= <literal> | <datetime value function> | USER | CURRENT_USER | SESSION_USER | SYSTEM_USER | NULL <literal> ::= <signed numeric literal> | <general literal> <signed numeric literal> ::= [ <sign> ] <unsigned numeric literal> <general literal> ::= <character string literal> | <national character string literal> | <bit string literal> | <hex string literal> | <datetime literal> | <interval literal> <datetime literal> ::= <date literal> | <time literal> | <timestamp literal> <date literal> ::= DATE <date string> <time literal> ::= TIME <time string> <timestamp literal> ::= TIMESTAMP <timestamp string> <interval literal> ::= INTERVAL [ <sign> ] <interval string> <interval qualifier> <datetime value function> ::= <current date value function> | <current time value function> | <current timestamp value function> <current date value function> ::= CURRENT_DATE <current time value function> ::= CURRENT_TIME [ <left paren> <time precision> <right paren> ] <current timestamp value function> ::= CURRENT_TIMESTAMP [ <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren> ] <column constraint definition> ::= [ <constraint name definition> ] <column constraint> [ <constraint attributes> ] <constraint name definition> ::= CONSTRAINT <constraint name> <constraint name> ::= <qualified name> <column constraint> ::= NOT NULL | <unique specification> | <references specification> | <check constraint definition> <unique specification> ::= UNIQUE | PRIMARY KEY <references specification> ::= REFERENCES <referenced table and columns> [ MATCH <match type> ] [ <referential triggered action> ] <referenced table and columns> ::= <table name> [ <left paren> <reference column list> <right paren> ] <table name> ::= <qualified name> | <qualified local table name> <reference column list> ::= <column name list> <column name list> ::= <column name> [ ( <comma> <column name> )... ] <match type> ::= FULL | PARTIAL <referential triggered action> ::= <update rule> [ <delete rule> ] | <delete rule> [ <update rule> ] <update rule> ::= ON UPDATE <referential action> <referential action> ::= CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT | NO ACTION <delete rule> ::= ON DELETE <referential action> <check constraint definition> ::= CHECK <left paren> <search condition> <right paren> <search condition> ::= <boolean term> | <search condition> OR <boolean term> <boolean term> ::= <boolean factor> | <boolean term> AND <boolean factor> <boolean factor> ::= [ NOT ] <boolean test> <boolean test> ::= <boolean primary> [ IS [ NOT ] <truth value> ] <boolean primary> ::= <predicate> | <left paren> <search condition> <right paren> <predicate> ::= <comparison predicate> | <between predicate> | <in predicate> | <like predicate> | <null predicate> | <quantified comparison predicate> | <exists predicate> | <unique predicate> | <match predicate> | <overlaps predicate> <comparison predicate> ::= <row value constructor> <comp op> <row value constructor> <row value constructor> ::= <row value constructor element> | <left paren> <row value constructor list> <right paren> | <row subquery> <row value constructor element> ::= <value expression> | <null specification> | <default specification> <value expression> ::= <numeric value expression> | <string value expression> | <datetime value expression> | <interval value expression> <numeric value expression> ::= <term> | <numeric value expression> <plus sign> <term> | <numeric value expression> <minus sign> <term> <term> ::= <factor> | <term> <asterisk> <factor> | <term> <solidus> <factor> <factor> ::= [ <sign> ] <numeric primary> <numeric primary> ::= <value expression primary> | <numeric value function> <value expression primary> ::= <unsigned value specification> | <column reference> | <set function specification> | <scalar subquery> | <case expression> | <left paren> <value expression> <right paren> | <cast specification> <unsigned value specification> ::= <unsigned literal> | <general value specification> <unsigned literal> ::= <unsigned numeric literal> | <general literal> <general value specification> ::= <parameter specification> | <dynamic parameter specification> | <variable specification> | USER | CURRENT_USER | SESSION_USER | SYSTEM_USER | VALUE <parameter specification> ::= <parameter name> [ <indicator parameter> ] <parameter name> ::= <colon> <identifier> <indicator parameter> ::= [ INDICATOR ] <parameter name> <dynamic parameter specification> ::= <question mark> <variable specification> ::= <embedded variable name> [ <indicator variable> ] <embedded variable name> ::= <colon><host identifier> <host identifier> ::= <Ada host identifier> | <C host identifier> | <COBOL host identifier> | <Fortran host identifier> | <MUMPS host identifier> | <Pascal host identifier> | <PL/I host identifier> <Ada host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^ <C host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^ <COBOL host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^ <Fortran host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^ <MUMPS host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^ <Pascal host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^ <PL/I host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^ <indicator variable> ::= [ INDICATOR ] <embedded variable name> <column reference> ::= [ <qualifier> <period> ] <column name> <qualifier> ::= <table name> | <correlation name> <correlation name> ::= <identifier> <set function specification> ::= COUNT <left paren> <asterisk> <right paren> | <general set function> <general set function> ::= <set function type> <left paren> [ <set quantifier> ] <value expression> <right paren> <set function type> ::= AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT <set quantifier> ::= DISTINCT | ALL <scalar subquery> ::= <subquery> <subquery> ::= <left paren> <query expression> <right paren> <query expression> ::= <non-join query expression> | <joined table> <non-join query expression> ::= <non-join query term> | <query expression> UNION [ ALL ] [ <corresponding spec> ] <query term> | <query expression> EXCEPT [ ALL ] [ <corresponding spec> ] <query term> <non-join query term> ::= <non-join query primary> | <query term> INTERSECT [ ALL ] [ <corresponding spec> ] <query primary> <non-join query primary> ::= <simple table> | <left paren> <non-join query expression> <right paren> <simple table> ::= <query specification> | <table value constructor> | <explicit table> <query specification> ::= SELECT [ <set quantifier> ] <select list> <table expression> <select list> ::= <asterisk> | <select sublist> [ ( <comma> <select sublist> )... ] <select sublist> ::= <derived column> | <qualifier> <period> <asterisk> <derived column> ::= <value expression> [ <as clause> ] <as clause> ::= [ AS ] <column name> <table expression> ::= <from clause> [ <where clause> ] [ <group by clause> ] [ <having clause> ] <from clause> ::= FROM <table reference> [ ( <comma> <table reference> )... ] <table reference> ::= <table name> [ [ AS ] <correlation name> [ <left paren> <derived column list> <right paren> ] ] | <derived table> [ AS ] <correlation name> [ <left paren> <derived column list> <right paren> ] | <joined table> <derived column list> ::= <column name list> <derived table> ::= <table subquery> <table subquery> ::= <subquery> <joined table> ::= <cross join> | <qualified join> | <left paren> <joined table> <right paren> <cross join> ::= <table reference> CROSS JOIN <table reference> <qualified join> ::= <table reference> [ NATURAL ] [ <join type> ] JOIN <table reference> [ <join specification> ] <join type> ::= INNER | <outer join type> [ OUTER ] | UNION <outer join type> ::= LEFT | RIGHT | FULL <join specification> ::= <join condition> | <named columns join> <join condition> ::= ON <search condition> <named columns join> ::= USING <left paren> <join column list> <right paren> <join column list> ::= <column name list> <where clause> ::= WHERE <search condition> <group by clause> ::= GROUP BY <grouping column reference list> <grouping column reference list> ::= <grouping column reference> [ ( <comma> <grouping column reference> )... ] <grouping column reference> ::= <column reference> [ <collate clause> ] <collate clause> ::= COLLATE <collation name> <collation name> ::= <qualified name> <having clause> ::= HAVING <search condition> <table value constructor> ::= VALUES <table value constructor list> <table value constructor list> ::= <row value constructor> [ ( <comma> <row value constructor> )... ] <explicit table> ::= TABLE <table name> <query term> ::= <non-join query term> | <joined table> <corresponding spec> ::= CORRESPONDING [ BY <left paren> <corresponding column list> <right paren> ] <corresponding column list> ::= <column name list> <query primary> ::= <non-join query primary> | <joined table> <case expression> ::= <case abbreviation> | <case specification> <case abbreviation> ::= NULLIF <left paren> <value expression> <comma> <value expression> <right paren> | COALESCE <left paren> <value expression> ( <comma> <value expression> )... <right paren> <case specification> ::= <simple case> | <searched case> <simple case> ::= CASE <case operand> <simple when clause>... [ <else clause> ] END <case operand> ::= <value expression> <simple when clause> ::= WHEN <when operand> THEN <result> <when operand> ::= <value expression> <result> ::= <result expression> | NULL <result expression> ::= <value expression> <else clause> ::= ELSE <result> <searched case> ::= CASE <searched when clause>... [ <else clause> ] END <searched when clause> ::= WHEN <search condition> THEN <result> <cast specification> ::= CAST <left paren> <cast operand> AS <cast target> <right paren> <cast operand> ::= <value expression> | NULL <cast target> ::= <domain name> | <data type> <numeric value function> ::= <position expression> | <extract expression> | <length expression> <position expression> ::= POSITION <left paren> <character value expression> IN <character value expression> <right paren> <character value expression> ::= <concatenation> | <character factor> <concatenation> ::= <character value expression> <concatenation operator> <character factor> <character factor> ::= <character primary> [ <collate clause> ] <character primary> ::= <value expression primary> | <string value function> <string value function> ::= <character value function> | <bit value function> <character value function> ::= <character substring function> | <fold> | <form-of-use conversion> | <character translation> | <trim function> <character substring function> ::= SUBSTRING <left paren> <character value expression> FROM <start position> [ FOR <string length> ] <right paren> <start position> ::= <numeric value expression> <string length> ::= <numeric value expression> <fold> ::= ( UPPER | LOWER ) <left paren> <character value expression> <right paren> <form-of-use conversion> ::= CONVERT <left paren> <character value expression> USING <form-of-use conversion name> <right paren> <form-of-use conversion name> ::= <qualified name> <character translation> ::= TRANSLATE <left paren> <character value expression> USING <translation name> <right paren> <translation name> ::= <qualified name> <trim function> ::= TRIM <left paren> <trim operands> <right paren> <trim operands> ::= [ [ <trim specification> ] [ <trim character> ] FROM ] <trim source> <trim specification> ::= LEADING | TRAILING | BOTH <trim character> ::= <character value expression> <trim source> ::= <character value expression> <bit value function> ::= <bit substring function> <bit substring function> ::= SUBSTRING <left paren> <bit value expression> FROM <start position> [ FOR <string length> ] <right paren> <bit value expression> ::= <bit concatenation> | <bit factor> <bit concatenation> ::= <bit value expression> <concatenation operator> <bit factor> <bit factor> ::= <bit primary> <bit primary> ::= <value expression primary> | <string value function> <extract expression> ::= EXTRACT <left paren> <extract field> FROM <extract source> <right paren> <extract field> ::= <datetime field> | <time zone field> <datetime field> ::= <non-second datetime field> | SECOND <time zone field> ::= TIMEZONE_HOUR | TIMEZONE_MINUTE <extract source> ::= <datetime value expression> | <interval value expression> <datetime value expression> ::= <datetime term> | <interval value expression> <plus sign> <datetime term> | <datetime value expression> <plus sign> <interval term> | <datetime value expression> <minus sign> <interval term> <interval term> ::= <interval factor> | <interval term 2> <asterisk> <factor> | <interval term 2> <solidus> <factor> | <term> <asterisk> <interval factor> <interval factor> ::= [ <sign> ] <interval primary> <interval primary> ::= <value expression primary> [ <interval qualifier> ] <interval term 2> ::= <interval term> <interval value expression> ::= <interval term> | <interval value expression 1> <plus sign> <interval term 1> | <interval value expression 1> <minus sign> <interval term 1> | <left paren> <datetime value expression> <minus sign> <datetime term> <right paren> <interval qualifier> <interval value expression 1> ::= <interval value expression> <interval term 1> ::= <interval term> <datetime term> ::= <datetime factor> <datetime factor> ::= <datetime primary> [ <time zone> ] <datetime primary> ::= <value expression primary> | <datetime value function> <time zone> ::= AT <time zone specifier> <time zone specifier> ::= LOCAL | TIME ZONE <interval value expression> <length expression> ::= <char length expression> | <octet length expression> | <bit length expression> <char length expression> ::= ( CHAR_LENGTH | CHARACTER_LENGTH ) <left paren> <string value expression> <right paren> <string value expression> ::= <character value expression> | <bit value expression> <octet length expression> ::= OCTET_LENGTH <left paren> <string value expression> <right paren> <bit length expression> ::= BIT_LENGTH <left paren> <string value expression> <right paren> <null specification> ::= NULL <default specification> ::= DEFAULT <row value constructor list> ::= <row value constructor element> [ ( <comma> <row value constructor element> )... ] <row subquery> ::= <subquery> <comp op> ::= <equals operator> | <not equals operator> | <less than operator> | <greater than operator> | <less than or equals operator> | <greater than or equals operator> <between predicate> ::= <row value constructor> [ NOT ] BETWEEN <row value constructor> AND <row value constructor> <in predicate> ::= <row value constructor> [ NOT ] IN <in predicate value> <in predicate value> ::= <table subquery> | <left paren> <in value list> <right paren> <in value list> ::= <value expression> ( <comma> <value expression> )... <like predicate> ::= <match value> [ NOT ] LIKE <pattern> [ ESCAPE <escape character> ] <match value> ::= <character value expression> <pattern> ::= <character value expression> <escape character> ::= <character value expression> <null predicate> ::= <row value constructor> IS [ NOT ] NULL <quantified comparison predicate> ::= <row value constructor> <comp op> <quantifier> <table subquery> <quantifier> ::= <all> | <some> <all> ::= ALL <some> ::= SOME | ANY <exists predicate> ::= EXISTS <table subquery> <unique predicate> ::= UNIQUE <table subquery> <match predicate> ::= <row value constructor> MATCH [ UNIQUE ] [ PARTIAL | FULL ] <table subquery> <overlaps predicate> ::= <row value constructor 1> OVERLAPS <row value constructor 2> <row value constructor 1> ::= <row value constructor> <row value constructor 2> ::= <row value constructor> <truth value> ::= TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN <constraint attributes> ::= <constraint check time> [ [ NOT ] DEFERRABLE ] | [ NOT ] DEFERRABLE [ <constraint check time> ] <constraint check time> ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE <table constraint definition> ::= [ <constraint name definition> ] <table constraint> [ <constraint attributes> ] <table constraint> ::= <unique constraint definition> | <referential constraint definition> | <check constraint definition> <unique constraint definition> ::= <unique specification> even in SQL3) <unique specification> <left paren> <unique column list> <right paren> <unique column list> ::= <column name list> <referential constraint definition> ::= FOREIGN KEY <left paren> <referencing columns> <right paren> <references specification> <referencing columns> ::= <reference column list> <module contents> ::= <declare cursor> | <dynamic declare cursor> | <procedure> <declare cursor> ::= DECLARE <cursor name> [ INSENSITIVE ] [ SCROLL ] CURSOR FOR <cursor specification> <cursor name> ::= <identifier> <cursor specification> ::= <query expression> [ <order by clause> ] [ <updatability clause> ] <order by clause> ::= ORDER BY <sort specification list> <sort specification list> ::= <sort specification> [ ( <comma> <sort specification> )... ] <sort specification> ::= <sort key> [ <collate clause> ] [ <ordering specification> ] <sort key> ::= <column name> | <unsigned integer> <ordering specification> ::= ASC | DESC <updatability clause> ::= FOR ( READ ONLY | UPDATE [ OF <column name list> ] ) <dynamic declare cursor> ::= DECLARE <cursor name> [ INSENSITIVE ] [ SCROLL ] CURSOR FOR <statement name> <statement name> ::= <identifier> <procedure> ::= PROCEDURE <procedure name> <parameter declaration list> <semicolon> <SQL procedure statement> <semicolon> <procedure name> ::= <identifier> <parameter declaration list> ::= <left paren> <parameter declaration> [ ( <comma> <parameter declaration> )... ] <right paren> | <parameter declaration>... <parameter declaration> ::= <parameter name> <data type> | <status parameter> <status parameter> ::= SQLCODE | SQLSTATE <SQL procedure statement> ::= <SQL schema statement> | <SQL data statement> | <SQL transaction statement> | <SQL connection statement> | <SQL session statement> | <SQL dynamic statement> | <SQL diagnostics statement> <SQL schema statement> ::= <SQL schema definition statement> | <SQL schema manipulation statement> <SQL schema definition statement> ::= <schema definition> | <table definition> | <view definition> | <grant statement> | <domain definition> | <character set definition> | <collation definition> | <translation definition> | <assertion definition> <schema definition> ::= CREATE SCHEMA <schema name clause> [ <schema character set specification> ] [ <schema element>... ] <schema name clause> ::= <schema name> | AUTHORIZATION <schema authorization identifier> | <schema name> AUTHORIZATION <schema authorization identifier> <schema authorization identifier> ::= <authorization identifier> <schema character set specification> ::= DEFAULT CHARACTER SET <character set specification> <schema element> ::= <domain definition> | <table definition> | <view definition> | <grant statement> | <assertion definition> | <character set definition> | <collation definition> | <translation definition> <domain definition> ::= CREATE DOMAIN <domain name> [ AS ] <data type> [ <default clause> ] [ <domain constraint>... ] [ <collate clause> ] <domain constraint> ::= [ <constraint name definition> ] <check constraint definition> [ <constraint attributes> ] <table definition> ::= CREATE [ ( GLOBAL | LOCAL ) TEMPORARY ] TABLE <table name> <table element list> [ ON COMMIT ( DELETE | PRESERVE ) ROWS ] <view definition> ::= CREATE VIEW <table name> [ <left paren> <view column list> <right paren> ] AS <query expression> [ WITH [ <levels clause> ] CHECK OPTION ] <view column list> ::= <column name list> <levels clause> ::= CASCADED | LOCAL <grant statement> ::= GRANT <privileges> ON <object name> TO <grantee> [ ( <comma> <grantee> )... ] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ] <privileges> ::= ALL PRIVILEGES | <action list> <action list> ::= <action> [ ( <comma> <action> )... ] <action> ::= SELECT | DELETE | INSERT [ <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ] | UPDATE [ <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ] | REFERENCES [ <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ] | USAGE <privilege column list> ::= <column name list> <object name> ::= [ TABLE ] <table name> | DOMAIN <domain name> | COLLATION <collation name> | CHARACTER SET <character set name> | TRANSLATION <translation name> <grantee> ::= PUBLIC | <authorization identifier> <assertion definition> ::= CREATE ASSERTION <constraint name> <assertion check> [ <constraint attributes> ] <assertion check> ::= CHECK <left paren> <search condition> <right paren> <character set definition> ::= CREATE CHARACTER SET <character set name> [ AS ] <character set source> [ <collate clause> | <limited collation definition> ] <character set source> ::= GET <existing character set name> <existing character set name> ::= <standard character repertoire name> | <implementation-defined character repertoire name> | <schema character set name> <schema character set name> ::= <character set name> <limited collation definition> ::= COLLATION FROM <collation source> <collation source> ::= <collating sequence definition> | <translation collation> <collating sequence definition> ::= <external collation> | <schema collation name> | DESC <left paren> <collation name> <right paren> | DEFAULT <external collation> ::= EXTERNAL <left paren> <quote> <external collation name> <quote> <right paren> <external collation name> ::= <standard collation name> | <implementation-defined collation name> <standard collation name> ::= <collation name> <implementation-defined collation name> ::= <collation name> <schema collation name> ::= <collation name> <translation collation> ::= TRANSLATION <translation name> [ THEN COLLATION <collation name> ] <collation definition> ::= CREATE COLLATION <collation name> FOR <character set specification> FROM <collation source> [ <pad attribute> ] <pad attribute> ::= NO PAD | PAD SPACE <translation definition> ::= CREATE TRANSLATION <translation name> FOR <source character set specification> TO <target character set specification> FROM <translation source> <source character set specification> ::= <character set specification> <target character set specification> ::= <character set specification> <translation source> ::= <translation specification> <translation specification> ::= <external translation> | IDENTITY | <schema translation name> <external translation> ::= EXTERNAL <left paren> <quote> <external translation name> <quote> <right paren> <external translation name> ::= <standard translation name> | <implementation-defined translation name> <standard translation name> ::= <translation name> <implementation-defined translation name> ::= <translation name> <schema translation name> ::= <translation name> <SQL schema manipulation statement> ::= <drop schema statement> | <alter table statement> | <drop table statement> | <drop view statement> | <revoke statement> | <alter domain statement> | <drop domain statement> | <drop character set statement> | <drop collation statement> | <drop translation statement> | <drop assertion statement> <drop schema statement> ::= DROP SCHEMA <schema name> <drop behavior> <drop behavior> ::= CASCADE | RESTRICT <alter table statement> ::= ALTER TABLE <table name> <alter table action> <alter table action> ::= <add column definition> | <alter column definition> | <drop column definition> | <add table constraint definition> | <drop table constraint definition> <add column definition> ::= ADD [ COLUMN ] <column definition> <alter column definition> ::= ALTER [ COLUMN ] <column name> <alter column action> <alter column action> ::= <set column default clause> | <drop column default clause> <set column default clause> ::= SET <default clause> <drop column default clause> ::= DROP DEFAULT <drop column definition> ::= DROP [ COLUMN ] <column name> <drop behavior> <add table constraint definition> ::= ADD <table constraint definition> <drop table constraint definition> ::= DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint name> <drop behavior> <drop table statement> ::= DROP TABLE <table name> <drop behavior> <drop view statement> ::= DROP VIEW <table name> <drop behavior> <revoke statement> ::= REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ] <privileges> ON <object name> FROM <grantee> [ ( <comma> <grantee> )... ] <drop behavior> <alter domain statement> ::= ALTER DOMAIN <domain name> <alter domain action> <alter domain action> ::= <set domain default clause> | <drop domain default clause> | <add domain constraint definition> | <drop domain constraint definition> <set domain default clause> ::= SET <default clause> <drop domain default clause> ::= DROP DEFAULT <add domain constraint definition> ::= ADD <domain constraint> <drop domain constraint definition> ::= DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint name> <drop domain statement> ::= DROP DOMAIN <domain name> <drop behavior> <drop character set statement> ::= DROP CHARACTER SET <character set name> <drop collation statement> ::= DROP COLLATION <collation name> <drop translation statement> ::= DROP TRANSLATION <translation name> <drop assertion statement> ::= DROP ASSERTION <constraint name> <SQL data statement> ::= <open statement> | <fetch statement> | <close statement> | <select statement: single row> | <SQL data change statement> <open statement> ::= OPEN <cursor name> <fetch statement> ::= FETCH [ [ <fetch orientation> ] FROM ] <cursor name> INTO <fetch target list> <fetch orientation> ::= NEXT | PRIOR | FIRST | LAST | ( ABSOLUTE | RELATIVE ) <simple value specification> <simple value specification> ::= <parameter name> | <embedded variable name> | <literal> <fetch target list> ::= <target specification> [ ( <comma> <target specification> )... ] <target specification> ::= <parameter specification> | <variable specification> <close statement> ::= CLOSE <cursor name> <select statement: single row> ::= SELECT [ <set quantifier> ] <select list> INTO <select target list> <table expression> <select target list> ::= <target specification> [ ( <comma> <target specification> )... ] <SQL data change statement> ::= <delete statement: positioned> | <delete statement: searched> | <insert statement> | <update statement: positioned> | <update statement: searched> <delete statement: positioned> ::= DELETE FROM <table name> WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name> <delete statement: searched> ::= DELETE FROM <table name> [ WHERE <search condition> ] <insert statement> ::= INSERT INTO <table name> <insert columns and source> <insert columns and source> ::= [ <left paren> <insert column list> <right paren> ] <query expression> | DEFAULT VALUES <insert column list> ::= <column name list> <update statement: positioned> ::= UPDATE <table name> SET <set clause list> WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name> <set clause list> ::= <set clause> [ ( <comma> <set clause> )... ] <set clause> ::= <object column> <equals operator> <update source> <object column> ::= <column name> <update source> ::= <value expression> | <null specification> | DEFAULT <update statement: searched> ::= UPDATE <table name> SET <set clause list> [ WHERE <search condition> ] <SQL transaction statement> ::= <set transaction statement> | <set constraints mode statement> | <commit statement> | <rollback statement> <set transaction statement> ::= SET TRANSACTION <transaction mode> [ ( <comma> <transaction mode> )... ] <transaction mode> ::= <isolation level> | <transaction access mode> | <diagnostics size> <isolation level> ::= ISOLATION LEVEL <level of isolation> <level of isolation> ::= READ UNCOMMITTED | READ COMMITTED | REPEATABLE READ | SERIALIZABLE <transaction access mode> ::= READ ONLY | READ WRITE <diagnostics size> ::= DIAGNOSTICS SIZE <number of conditions> <number of conditions> ::= <simple value specification> <set constraints mode statement> ::= SET CONSTRAINTS <constraint name list> ( DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE ) <constraint name list> ::= ALL | <constraint name> [ ( <comma> <constraint name> )... ] <commit statement> ::= COMMIT [ WORK ] <rollback statement> ::= ROLLBACK [ WORK ] <SQL connection statement> ::= <connect statement> | <set connection statement> | <disconnect statement> <connect statement> ::= CONNECT TO <connection target> <connection target> ::= <SQL-server name> [ AS <connection name> ] correspondence with Tony Gordon) [ USER <user name> ] | DEFAULT <SQL-server name> ::= <simple value specification> <connection name> ::= <simple value specification> <user name> ::= <simple value specification> <set connection statement> ::= SET CONNECTION <connection object> <connection object> ::= DEFAULT | <connection name> <disconnect statement> ::= DISCONNECT <disconnect object> <disconnect object> ::= <connection object> | ALL | CURRENT <SQL session statement> ::= <set catalog statement> | <set schema statement> | <set names statement> | <set session authorization identifier statement> | <set local time zone statement> <set catalog statement> ::= SET CATALOG <value specification> <value specification> ::= <literal> | <general value specification> <set schema statement> ::= SET SCHEMA <value specification> <set names statement> ::= SET NAMES <value specification> <set session authorization identifier statement> ::= SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION <value specification> <set local time zone statement> ::= SET TIME ZONE <set time zone value> <set time zone value> ::= <interval value expression> | LOCAL <SQL dynamic statement> ::= <system descriptor statement> | <prepare statement> | <deallocate prepared statement> | <describe statement> | <execute statement> | <execute immediate statement> | <SQL dynamic data statement> <system descriptor statement> ::= <allocate descriptor statement> | <deallocate descriptor statement> | <set descriptor statement> | <get descriptor statement> <allocate descriptor statement> ::= ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name> [ WITH MAX <occurrences> ] <descriptor name> ::= [ <scope option> ] <simple value specification> <scope option> ::= GLOBAL | LOCAL <occurrences> ::= <simple value specification> <deallocate descriptor statement> ::= DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name> <set descriptor statement> ::= SET DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name> <set descriptor information> <set descriptor information> ::= <set count> | VALUE <item number> <set item information> [ ( <comma> <set item information> )... ] <set count> ::= COUNT <equals operator> <simple value specification 1> <simple value specification 1> ::= <simple value specification> <item number> ::= <simple value specification> <set item information> ::= <descriptor item name> <equals operator> <simple value specification 2> <descriptor item name> ::= TYPE | LENGTH | OCTET_LENGTH | RETURNED_LENGTH | RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH | PRECISION | SCALE | DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE | DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION | NULLABLE | INDICATOR | DATA | NAME | UNNAMED | COLLATION_CATALOG | COLLATION_SCHEMA | COLLATION_NAME | CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG | CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA | CHARACTER_SET_NAME <simple value specification 2> ::= <simple value specification> <item number> ::= <simple value specification> <get descriptor statement> ::= GET DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name> <get descriptor information> <get descriptor information> ::= <get count> | VALUE <item number> <get item information> [ ( <comma> <get item information> )... ] <get count> ::= <simple target specification 1> <equals operator> COUNT <simple target specification 1> ::= <simple target specification> <simple target specification> ::= <parameter name> | <embedded variable name> <get item information> ::= <simple target specification 2> <equals operator> <descriptor item name>> <simple target specification 2> ::= <simple target specification> <prepare statement> ::= PREPARE <SQL statement name> FROM <SQL statement variable> <SQL statement name> ::= <statement name> | <extended statement name> <extended statement name> ::= [ <scope option> ] <simple value specification> <SQL statement variable> ::= <simple value specification> <deallocate prepared statement> ::= DEALLOCATE PREPARE <SQL statement name> <describe statement> ::= <describe input statement> | <describe output statement> <describe input statement> ::= DESCRIBE INPUT <SQL statement name> <using descriptor> <using descriptor> ::= ( USING | INTO ) SQL DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name> <describe output statement> ::= DESCRIBE [ OUTPUT ] <SQL statement name> <using descriptor> <execute statement> ::= EXECUTE <SQL statement name> [ <result using clause> ] [ <parameter using clause> ] <result using clause> ::= <using clause> <using clause> ::= <using arguments> | <using descriptor> <using arguments> ::= ( USING | INTO ) <argument> [ ( <comma> <argument> )... ] <argument> ::= <target specification> <parameter using clause> ::= <using clause> <execute immediate statement> ::= EXECUTE IMMEDIATE <SQL statement variable> <SQL dynamic data statement> ::= <allocate cursor statement> | <dynamic open statement> | <dynamic fetch statement> | <dynamic close statement> | <dynamic delete statement: positioned> | <dynamic update statement: positioned> <allocate cursor statement> ::= ALLOCATE <extended cursor name> [ INSENSITIVE ] [ SCROLL ] CURSOR FOR <extended statement name> <extended cursor name> ::= [ <scope option> ] <simple value specification> <dynamic open statement> ::= OPEN <dynamic cursor name> [ <using clause> ] <dynamic cursor name> ::= <cursor name> | <extended cursor name> <dynamic fetch statement> ::= FETCH [ [ <fetch orientation> ] FROM ] <dynamic cursor name> <using clause> <dynamic close statement> ::= CLOSE <dynamic cursor name> <dynamic delete statement: positioned> ::= DELETE FROM <table name> WHERE CURRENT OF <dynamic cursor name> <dynamic update statement: positioned> ::= UPDATE <table name> SET <set clause> [ ( <comma> <set clause> )... ] WHERE CURRENT OF <dynamic cursor name> <SQL diagnostics statement> ::= <get diagnostics statement> <get diagnostics statement> ::= GET DIAGNOSTICS <sql diagnostics information> <sql diagnostics information> ::= <statement information> | <condition information> <statement information> ::= <statement information item> [ ( <comma> <statement information item> )... ] <statement information item> ::= <simple target specification> <equals operator> <statement information item name> <statement information item name> ::= NUMBER | MORE | COMMAND_FUNCTION | DYNAMIC_FUNCTION | ROW_COUNT <condition information> ::= EXCEPTION <condition number> <condition information item> [ ( <comma> <condition information item> )... ] <condition number> ::= <simple value specification> <condition information item> ::= <simple target specification> <equals operator> <condition information item name> <condition information item name> ::= CONDITION_NUMBER | RETURNED_SQLSTATE | CLASS_ORIGIN | SUBCLASS_ORIGIN | SERVER_NAME | CONNECTION_NAME | CONSTRAINT_CATALOG | CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | CONSTRAINT_NAME | CATALOG_NAME | SCHEMA_NAME | TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | CURSOR_NAME | MESSAGE_TEXT | MESSAGE_LENGTH | MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH <embedded SQL host program> ::= <embedded SQL Ada program> | <embedded SQL C program> | <embedded SQL COBOL program> | <embedded SQL Fortran program> | <embedded SQL MUMPS program> | <embedded SQL Pascal program> | <embedded SQL PL/I program> <embedded SQL Ada program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL C program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL COBOL program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL Fortran program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL MUMPS program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL Pascal program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL PL/I program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL declare section> ::= <embedded SQL begin declare> [ <embedded character set declaration> ] [ <host variable definition>... ] <embedded SQL end declare> | <embedded SQL MUMPS declare> <embedded SQL begin declare> ::= <SQL prefix> BEGIN DECLARE SECTION [ <SQL terminator> ] <SQL prefix> ::= EXEC SQL | <ampersand>SQL<left paren> <SQL terminator> ::= END-EXEC | <semicolon> | <right paren> <embedded character set declaration> ::= SQL NAMES ARE <character set specification> <host variable definition> ::= <Ada variable definition> | <C variable definition> | <COBOL variable definition> | <Fortran variable definition> | <MUMPS variable definition> | <Pascal variable definition> | <PL/I variable definition> <Ada variable definition> ::= <Ada host identifier> [ ( <comma> <Ada host identifier> )... ] : <Ada type specification> [ <Ada initial value> ] <Ada type specification> ::= <Ada qualified type specification> | <Ada unqualified type specification> <Ada qualified type specification> ::= SQL_STANDARD.CHAR [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] <left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren> | SQL_STANDARD.BIT <left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren> | SQL_STANDARD.SMALLINT | SQL_STANDARD.INT | SQL_STANDARD.REAL | SQL_STANDARD.DOUBLE_PRECISION | SQL_STANDARD.SQLCODE_TYPE | SQL_STANDARD.SQLSTATE_TYPE | SQL_STANDARD.INDICATOR_TYPE <Ada unqualified type specification> ::= CHAR <left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren> | BIT <left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren> | SMALLINT | INT | REAL | DOUBLE_PRECISION | SQLCODE_TYPE | SQLSTATE_TYPE | INDICATOR_TYPE <Ada initial value> ::= <Ada assignment operator> <character representation>... <Ada assignment operator> ::= <colon><equals operator> <C variable definition> ::= [ <C storage class> ] [ <C class modifier> ] <C variable specification> <semicolon> <C storage class> ::= auto | extern | static <C class modifier> ::= const | volatile <C variable specification> ::= <C numeric variable> | <C character variable> | <C derived variable> <C numeric variable> ::= ( long | short | float | double ) <C host identifier> [ <C initial value> ] [ ( <comma> <C host identifier> [ <C initial value> ] )... ] <C initial value> ::= <equals operator> <character representation>... <C character variable> ::= char [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] [ ( <comma> <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] )... ] <C array specification> ::= <left bracket> <length> <right bracket> <C derived variable> ::= <C VARCHAR variable> | <C bit variable> <C VARCHAR variable> ::= VARCHAR [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] [ ( <comma> <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] )... ] <C bit variable> ::= BIT <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] [ ( <comma> <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] )... ] <COBOL variable definition> ::= (01|77) <COBOL host identifier> <COBOL type specification> [ <character representation>... ] <period> <COBOL type specification> ::= <COBOL character type> | <COBOL bit type> | <COBOL numeric type> | <COBOL integer type> <COBOL character type> ::= [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] ( X [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] )... <COBOL bit type> ::= ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] ( B [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] )... <COBOL numeric type> ::= ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] S <COBOL nines specification> [ USAGE [ IS ] ] DISPLAY SIGN LEADING SEPARATE <COBOL nines specification> ::= <COBOL nines> [ V [ <COBOL nines> ] ] | V <COBOL nines> <COBOL nines> ::= ( 9 [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] )... <COBOL integer type> ::= <COBOL computational integer> | <COBOL binary integer> <COBOL computational integer> ::= ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] S<COBOL nines> [ USAGE [ IS ] ] ( COMP | COMPUTATIONAL ) <COBOL binary integer> ::= ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] S<COBOL nines> [ USAGE [ IS ] ] BINARY <Fortran variable definition> ::= <Fortran type specification> <Fortran host identifier> [ ( <comma> <Fortran host identifier> )... ] <Fortran type specification> ::= CHARACTER [ <asterisk> <length> ] [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] | BIT [ <asterisk> <length> ] | INTEGER | REAL | DOUBLE PRECISION <MUMPS variable definition> ::= ( <MUMPS numeric variable> | <MUMPS character variable> ) <semicolon> <MUMPS numeric variable> ::= <MUMPS type specification> <MUMPS host identifier> [ ( <comma> <MUMPS host identifier> )... ] <MUMPS type specification> ::= INT | DEC [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ] | REAL <MUMPS character variable> ::= VARCHAR <MUMPS host identifier> <MUMPS length specification> [ ( <comma> <MUMPS host identifier> <MUMPS length specification> )... ] <MUMPS length specification> ::= <left paren> <length> <right paren> <Pascal variable definition> ::= <Pascal host identifier> [ ( <comma> <Pascal host identifier> )... ] <colon> <Pascal type specification> <semicolon> <Pascal type specification> ::= PACKED ARRAY <left bracket> 1 <double period> <length> <right bracket> OF CHAR [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] | PACKED ARRAY <left bracket> 1 <double period> <length> <right bracket> OF BIT | INTEGER | REAL | CHAR [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] | BIT <PL/I variable definition> ::= (DCL | DECLARE) ( <PL/I host identifier> | <left paren> <PL/I host identifier> [ ( <comma> <PL/I host identifier> )... ] <right paren> ) <PL/I type specification> [ <character representation>... ] <semicolon> <PL/I type specification> ::= ( CHAR | CHARACTER ) [ VARYING ] <left paren><length><right paren> [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] | BIT [ VARYING ] <left paren><length><right paren> | <PL/I type fixed decimal> <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> | <PL/I type fixed binary> [ <left paren> <precision> <right paren> ] | <PL/I type float binary> <left paren> <precision> <right paren> <PL/I type fixed decimal> ::= ( DEC | DECIMAL ) FIXED | FIXED ( DEC | DECIMAL ) <PL/I type fixed binary> ::= ( BIN | BINARY ) FIXED | FIXED ( BIN | BINARY ) <PL/I type float binary> ::= ( BIN | BINARY ) FLOAT | FLOAT ( BIN | BINARY ) <embedded SQL end declare> ::= <SQL prefix> END DECLARE SECTION [ <SQL terminator> ] <embedded SQL MUMPS declare> ::= <SQL prefix> BEGIN DECLARE SECTION [ <embedded character set declaration> ] [ <host variable definition>... ] END DECLARE SECTION <SQL terminator> <embedded SQL statement> ::= <SQL prefix> <statement or declaration> [ <SQL terminator> ] <statement or declaration> ::= <declare cursor> | <dynamic declare cursor> | <temporary table declaration> | <embedded exception declaration> | <SQL procedure statement> <embedded exception declaration> ::= WHENEVER <condition> <condition action> <condition> ::= SQLERROR | NOT FOUND <condition action> ::= CONTINUE | <go to> <go to> ::= ( GOTO | GO TO ) <goto target> <goto target> ::= <host label identifier> | <unsigned integer> | <host PL/I label variable> <host label identifier> ::= !!<EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^ <host PL/I label variable> ::= !!<EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^ <preparable statement> ::= <preparable SQL data statement> | <preparable SQL schema statement> | <preparable SQL transaction statement> | <preparable SQL session statement> | <preparable implementation-defined statement> <preparable SQL data statement> ::= <delete statement: searched> | <dynamic single row select statement> | <insert statement> | <dynamic select statement> | <update statement: searched> | <preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned> | <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> <dynamic single row select statement> ::= <query specification> <dynamic select statement> ::= <cursor specification> <preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned> ::= DELETE [ FROM <table name> ] WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name> <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> ::= UPDATE [ <table name> ] SET <set clause list> WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name> <preparable SQL schema statement> ::= <SQL schema statement> <preparable SQL transaction statement> ::= <SQL transaction statement> <preparable SQL session statement> ::= <SQL session statement> <preparable implementation-defined statement> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <direct SQL statement> ::= <directly executable statement> <semicolon> <directly executable statement> ::= <direct SQL data statement> | <SQL schema statement> | <SQL transaction statement> | <SQL connection statement> | <SQL session statement> | <direct implementation-defined statement> <direct SQL data statement> ::= <delete statement: searched> | <direct select statement: multiple rows> | <insert statement> | <update statement: searched> | <temporary table declaration> <direct select statement: multiple rows> ::= <query expression> [ <order by clause> ] <direct implementation-defined statement> ::= !!<EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules) <SQL object identifier> ::= <SQL provenance> <SQL variant> <SQL provenance> ::= <arc1> <arc2> <arc3> <arc1> ::= iso | 1 | iso <left paren> 1 <right paren> <arc2> ::= standard | 0 | standard <left paren> 0 <right paren> <arc3> ::= 9075 <SQL variant> ::= <SQL edition> <SQL conformance> <SQL edition> ::= <1987> | <1989> | <1992> <1987> ::= 0 | edition1987 <left paren> 0 <right paren> <1989> ::= <1989 base> <1989 package> <1989 base> ::= 1 | edition1989 <left paren> 1 <right paren> <1989 package> ::= <integrity no> | <integrity yes> <integrity no> ::= 0 | IntegrityNo <left paren> 0 <right paren> <integrity yes> ::= 1 | IntegrityYes <left paren> 1 <right paren> <1992> ::= 2 | edition1992 <left paren> 2 <right paren> <SQL conformance> ::= <low> | <intermediate> | <high> <low> ::= 0 | Low <left paren> 0 <right paren> <intermediate> ::= 1 | Intermediate <left paren> 1 <right paren> <high> ::= 2 | High <left paren> 2 <right paren> </verb></tscreen> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* <chapt>ªþ¿ý¤A¡Xªì¾ÇªÌ SQL ¾É¤Þ <label id="Appendix B"> --> <sect>ªþ¿ý¤A¡Xªì¾ÇªÌ SQL ¾É¤Þ <label id="Appendix B"> <p> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> PostgreSQL ¾É¤Þ <p> SQL ¾É¤Þ¤]¥]§t¦b PostgreSQL ¤¤´²§G¡CSQL ¾É¤Þ¤â½Z¦b src/tutorial ¥Ø¿ý¤¤¡C <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1>¤¬Ápºô URL «ü¼Ð <p> ªì¾ÇªÌªº SQL ¾É¤Þ¥i¦b¥H¤U¦a¤è§ä¨ì <itemize> <item> Jim Hoffman ªº«ü¾É <url url="http://w3.one.net/~jhoffman/sqltut.htm"> <item> Carnegie Mellon Univ <url url="http://www.heinz.cmu.edu/project/dbms"> ¦b¦¹À»¿ï¡¥technical¡¦->¡¥SQL_examples.html¡¦©M¨ä¥L¡C <item> Concord Univ <url url="http://www.cs.concordia.ca/Course_Notes/oracle/browser/node1.html"> </itemize> ¦³·N¨£©ÎºÃÃø¡H¹q¶l¦Ü <itemize> <item> Jim Hoffman <htmlurl url="mailto: jhoffman@one.net" name="jhoffman@one.net"> </itemize> John Hoffman ¤]±ÀÂË¥H¤Uºô§}¡J <itemize> <item> SQL Reference <url url="http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~shadow/sql.html"> <item> Ask the SQL Pro <url url="http://www.inquiry.com/techtips/thesqlpro/"> <item> SQL Pro's Relational DB Useful Sites <url url="http://www.inquiry.com/techtips/thesqlpro/usefulsites.html"> <item> Programmer's Source <url url="http://infoweb.magi.com/~steve/develop.html"> <item> DBMS Sites <url url="http://info.itu.ch/special/wwwfiles"> ¨ì¦¹¨ú±o compdb.html ÀÉ <item> DB Ingredients <url url="http://www.compapp.dcu.ie/databases/f017.html"> <item> Web Authoring <url url="http://www.stars.com/Tutorial/CGI/"> <item> Computing Dictionary <url url="http://wfn-shop.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/foldoc"> <item> DBMS Lab/Links <url url="http://www-ccs.cs.umass.edu/db.html"> <item> SQL FAQ <url url="http://epoch.CS.Berkeley.EDU:8000/sequoia/dba/montage/FAQ"> Go here and see file SQL_TOC.html <item> SQL Databases <url url="http://chaos.mur.csu.edu.au/itc125/cgi/sqldb.html"> <item> RIT Database Design Page <url url="http://www.it.rit.edu/~wjs/IT/199602/icsa720/icsa720postings.html"> <item> Database Jump Site <url url="http://www.pcslink.com/~ej/dbweb.html"> <item> Programming Tutorials on the Web <url url="http://www.eng.uc.edu/~jtilley/tutorial.html"> <item> Development Resources <url url="http://www.ndev.com/ndc2/support/resources.htp"> <item> Query List <url url="http://ashok.pair.com/sql.htm"> <item> IMAGE SQL Miscellaneous <url url="http://jazz.external.hp.com/training/sqltables/main.html"> <item> Internet Resource List <url url="http://www.eit.com/web/netservices.html"> </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* --> <sect1> ½u¤W SQL «ü¾É <p> ¨ì¥H¤Uºô­¶¨ú±o½u¤W SQL «ü¾É <itemize> <item> SQL ªì¾Ç½Òµ{ <url url="http://sqlcourse.com"> <item> SQL ¶i¶¥½Òµ{ <url url="http://sqlcourse2.com"> </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* *************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ****************** ******************************************* <chapt> ªþ¿ý¤þ¡XLinux §Ö³t¦w¸Ë«ü¤Þ <label id="Appendix C"> --> <sect> ªþ¿ý¤þ¡XLinux §Ö³t¦w¸Ë«ü¤Þ <label id="Appendix C"> <p> ¦pªG§A­p¹º¦b Linux ¨Ï¥Î PostgreSQL¡A¦Ó¦b¦w¸Ë Linux ®É»Ý­nÀ°§U¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¦b³oªþ¿ý¤¤«ü¥Üªº¦a¤è¡C¥¦­Ì¥]§t¥H¤U¥DÃD¡J <itemize> <item> Salient Features of Linux - Why Linux is better as a database server when compared with Windows 95/NT <item> 10 minutes Linux Quick Install Instructions <item> Microsoft-Linux Analogy List <item> Quick Steps to Recompile the Linux Kernel </itemize> <itemize> <item> ¥Dºô­¶ <url url="http://www.aldev.8m.com"> <item> ¬M®g¯¸¥x <url url="http://aldev.webjump.com"> <item> ¬M®g¯¸¥x <url url="http://www.homepages.infoseek.com/~aldev1/index.html"> <item> ¬M®g¯¸¥x <url url="http://www3.bcity.com/aldev/"> <item> ¬M®g¯¸¥x <url url="http://www.members.spree.com/technology/aldev/"> </itemize> <!-- ******************************************* ************ End of Section *************** ******************************************* <chapt> ªþ¿ý¤B¡X¦w¸Ë Midgard <label id="midgardinstall"> --> <sect> ªþ¿ý¤B¡X¦w¸Ë Midgard <label id="midgardinstall"> <p> ¨Ó¦Û <url url="http://www.midgard-project.org/download/binaries"> ªº RPMS ¥Ø«e¤£¥]¬A PostgreSQL ¤ä´©¡A©Ò¥H§A­n±q­ì©l½X tar.gz Àɦw¸Ë¡C ¤U¸ü Midgard ­ì©l½X tar.gz ÀÉ¡A¾\Ū INSTALL.REDHAT ÀÉ¡X <code> bash# cd midgard-lib-1.4beta6 bash# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-mysql=/usr/local --includedir=/usr/include/mysql --with-midgard=/usr/local --with-pgsql=/var/lib/pgsql --includedir=/usr/include/pgsql bash# make bash# make install bash# ldconfig -v | grep -i midga «þ¨©ìøÀYÀÉ¡A¥H¨¾ make install ¤£³o¼Ë°µ¡K bash# cp *.h /usr/local/include bash# cd ../mod_midgard-1.4beta5c bash# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-mysql=/usr/local --includedir=/usr/include/mysql --with-midgard=/usr --with-pgsql=/var/lib/pgsql --includedir=/usr/include/pgsql bash# make bash# make install # ­×§ï apache ³]©w¬° /usr/¡K¡K #modify apache line to correct /usr/..... bash# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ¡]©Î¦b /etc/apache/httpd.conf¡^ bash# /etc/init.d/apache restart # ­A­«·s±Ò°Ê apache¡I¡I¡I bash# cd ../midgard-php-1.4beta6 bash# ./configure '--with-apxs' '--with-mysql' '--with-pgsql' '--with-midgard' --prefix=/usr/local --with-midgard=/usr/local bash# gvim Makefile ¦b INCLUDE ÅܼƤ¤¥[¤W -I/usr/include/pgsql¡C ¤]­n¦p¤U¦b $(APXS) «ü¥O¤¤¥[¤W $(INCLUDE)¡X libphp3.so: mod_php3.c libmodphp3-so.a pcrelib/libpcre.a midgard/libphpmidgard.a -@test -f ./mod_php3.c || test -L ./mod_php3.c || $(LN_S) $(srcdir)/mod_php3.c ./mod_php3.c -@test -f ./mod_php3.c || test -h ./mod_php3.c || $(LN_S) $(srcdir)/mod_php3.c ./mod_php3.c $(APXS) -c -o libphp3.so -I$(srcdir) $(INCLUDE) -I. -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/glib/include -Wl,'-rpath /usr/local/lib' ./mod_php3.c libmodphp3-so.a $(APXS_LDFLAGS) bash# make bash# make install # ­×§ï apache ³]©w¬° /usr/¡K¡K # ¥[¤W¦p¤U¼Æ¦æ¡X LoadModule php4_module modules/libphp4.so AddModule mod_php4.c LoadModule php4_module lib/apache/libphp4.so < IfModule mod_php4.c> AddType application/x-httpd-php4 .php4 AddType application/x-httpd-php4 .php AddType application/x-httpd-php4-source .phps AddType application/x-httpd-php .php < /IfModule> bash# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ¡]©Î¦b /etc/apache/httpd.conf¡^ bash# /etc/init.d/apache restart # ­n­«·s±Ò°Ê apache¡I¡I¡I </code> <!-- ******************************************* ************ End of Section *************** ******************************************* --> <sect1>´ú¸Õ Midgard PHP ¦øªA¾¹<label id = "testmidgard"> <p> ­n´ú¸Õ¦w¸Ë¬O§_¦¨¥\½Ð³o¼Ë°µ¡X ¦b§Aªº¤å¥ó®Ú¥Ø¿ý¤¤«Ø¥ß¤@­ÓÀɮסC§Ú³q±`ºÙ¥¦¬° info.php¡A¨Ã¦b¨ä¶¡¥[¤W¤@¦æ¡J <code> < ?phpinfo()?> </code> ¦b§AªºÂsÄý¾¹¤¤¸ü¤J¡Jhttp://localhost/info.php §A·|¨£¨ì¤@­¶º}«GªºÕp­n¡A¦C¥X§Aªº³]©w¤¤©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ¡C §A¤j·§¤£·|§â³oÀɮשñ¦b¦b¥Í²£¥Îªº¦øªA¾¹¤¤¡A¦ý¬°¤F¶}µo®É°£¿ù©M¤@¯ë¸ê®Æ¡A ¥¦·|«Ü¤è«K¡C <!-- ******************************************* ************ End of Section *************** ******************************************* --> <sect1>«O¦w OpenSSL <label id = "openssl"> <p> §A¥i¯à­n¦b <url url="ftp://ftp.deva.net/pub/sources/crypto/rsaref20.1996.tar.Z"> ¨ú¦æ RSA ®M¸Ë³n¥ó¥H±Ò¥Î SSL ¥[±K¡C¤]½Ð¬Ý¬Ý Linux ¥úºÐªº OpenSSL <url url="http://www.openssl.org">¡C ¦pªG§A¤£·Q±Ò°Ê SSL¡]©Î§A¹J¨ì§xÃø¡^¡A¤U¸ü­ì©l½X Apache-Midgard RPM ©M­×§ï *.spec ÀÉ©M§R¥h SSL¡A¦A­«¨£ RPM¡C <!-- ******************************************* ************ End of Section *************** ******************************************* --> </article>